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Mass & Balance (10 Methods of weighing aircraft (Individual AC must be…
Mass & Balance
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11 Weighing passengers, Crew and Baggage
Crew Masses
3 methods:
- Use the actual masses of the crew and their hand baggage
- Use the standard masses for the flight and cabin crew including their hand baggage:
- Other standard masses acceptable to EASA
- CHECK IF HAND BAGGAGE IS INCLUDED ALREADY!!
- Flight Crew = 85kg
- Cabin Crew = 75kg
Passenger Masses
Method:
- Actual Weighing
- Standard Masses
If < 10 seats
verbal statement and fixed value for clothes & hand baggage an option
Categorisation
- ADULT >12 yrs
- CHILDREN - >2 yrs but < 12 yrs
- INFANT - < 2yrs old
- INFANTS assumed to share a seat with a parent therefore you apply the ADULT category only
- If parents allocate a seat to an INFANT then it goes on the load sheet as a CHILD.
The passenger masses to be used are based on the number of passenger seats available on the AC NOT THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS!!!
If hand luggage is not carried then 6kg may be deducted from the standard mass figures for adults only
- Domestic Flight = flight with the origin and destination within the borders of one state.
- Intercontinental Flight = beyond the European region with the origin and destination in different continents.
- Flights within the European region means flights, other than domestic flights, whose origin and destination are within the area specified as Euro Region
Excessive Actual Masses
- Determine the actual masses by weighing
- OR Apply an adequate mass increment
- Inform the commander of non-std method used and document paperwork
05 Cargo Loading and limitations
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- In Containers ( ULD (unit load devices))
- On Pallets
- Loose, as bulk cargo restrained by nets
07 Datum, Moments and determining CG
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- Fwd Datum = -ve
- Aft Datum = +ve
Common mistakes
- if mass is located on the datum true there's no moment as there is no moment arm BUT THERE IS MASS!!!!! Don’t forget when doing step 3, the moment manifest/list/table.
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Loading
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- Once completed it’s archived for 3 months
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- Left hand side of load sheet is called PART A, RHS = PART B
Under load before Last Minute Changes (LMC).
- These are the general questions they can ask.
- Q1. Commander has to be notified
- Q2. Can happen after Engine Start
- Q3. LMC limits set out in Ops-Manual - can be capped as a mass or number of people
- Q4. Underload adjusted by value of LMC
03 Allowed TO Mass
- The allowed TO Mass is the lowest of:
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