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Generalised Connective Tissue (Connective Tissue (Loose (Areolar tissue,…
Generalised Connective Tissue
Cells
Fixed/ Permanent
Long term maintenance of generalized connective tissue
Fibrocytes and Fibroblasts
Produce and maintain intercellular matrix
Promote wound contraction
Adipose and Fat cells
Contains large Lipid droplets
Synthesise, Store and release Lipids
Mast cells
Produces
Anticoagulant
Inflammatory substance
Facilitate the migration of cells from B to GCT
Release of inflammatory substance
Leading to the increase in permeability of blood vessel wall
White blood cells are attracted and passed into GCT
Lymphocytes
Differentiate
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Monocytes
Differentiate
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Macrophages
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Capable of Phagocytosis
Elimination of Microorganisms and Debris
Contribute to immune reactions
Free/ Transient
Contribute to short term events (response to injury or infection)
Plasma Cells
Produce antibodies to fight infection
Immobilize infectious organisms
Connective Tissue
Loose
Areolar tissue
Contains all cell types
Involved in Inflammatory response
Present in sections of almost all parts of the body
Adipose tissue
White Fat
More common
Insulate against Heat Loss
Provide Mechanical support
Brown Fat
Stores and releases energy
Fat cells predominated connective tissue
Packing materials
Fill spaces between organs
Support Cells and Skin
Reticular tissue
Stroma
3-D network for supportive fibers
Functional cells
Parenchyma
Reticular organs
Liver
Spleen
Lymph Nodes
Bone marrow
Dense
Regular
Fibres lie in line of stress
Found in ligaments and tendons
High tensile strength
Large number of collagen fibres
Irregular
No pattern of fibers
Contains collagen and elastic fibres
Protect and Support organs
Intercellular matrix
Fibroblasts
Fibers
Collagen
Very high tensile strength
Reticular
Branched
Elastic
Stretches easily
Ground substance
Diffusion medium and provides support
Extracellular fluid
Hydrated molecules
Glycosaminoglycans
Water based
increase viscosity of ground substance
Synovium
Synovial fluid
Structure
Plasma- like fluid
1/3 protein content of plasma
Hyaluronic acid
Free fluid content and viscosity
Gel consistency
Protection of joint
Water consistency
Lubrication of joint
Protein content
Properties
Thixotropic
Viscosity changes with environmental factors
Viscosity
Higher temperature
Faster joint velocity
Higher PH
Lower acid content
Function
Lubrication
reduce friction of joint
increase joint efficiency
Reduce erosion of articular surfaces
Nutrition
Removal of waste products
metabolism of articular discs and cartilage
Shock absorption
Cartilage Tissue
Structure
Chondrocytes
Occupy lacunae in ICM
produce and maintain intercelllar matrix
Composed of fibers and ground substance
Collagen fibres
Ground Substances
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Proteoglycans
Proteins
Water (65 - 85%)
Sodium in the matrix binds to proteoglycans
Draws water
Increases load bearing ability
arrangement resists tensile and compressive forces
Avascular
Limited ability to repair
Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from surrounding tissues
Aneural
Types
Hyaline Cartilage
Articular cartilage
Large protein fibers
Mostly collagen
Uniform glossy appearance
Smooth surface allows easy gliding and sliding of bones
Minimizes shearing
Stiff and flexible support
bears mechanical stress without permanent distortion
reduce friction between bones
Found
End of bones of SynoJ,
Ventral ends of Ribs
Sternum
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Structure
Chondrocytes are generously distributed throughout matrix
Elastic cartilage
Elastic fibres
Supportive and flexible
Found
External ear and epiglottis
Fibrous cartilage
Structure
Matrix
Little ground substance
Numeerous densely interwoven collagen fibres
high tensile strength
Function
Limits movement
Prevents bone to bone contact
Found
Pubic bones
Intervert D
Menisci
ArticD
Growth
Intersitial
Chon divides within lacuna surrounded by Cartilage matrix
Daughter secrete additional matrix
Division expands cartilage from within
Appositional
Differentiate of cells into chondroblasts
Chondroblasts secrete new matrix
matrix increases, more recruitment of chondroblasts
replaced by divisions of stem cells