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DISEASE (Climate Factors + Health (Rainfall + Drought (Droughts (Flash…

- - - - Most serious heat-related disorder
      - Body temp. rises rapidly, sweating mechanism fails + body can't cool
      - Death/permanent disability
    - - Heat wave early warning systems
        
        Communicates heat wave risks + suggests protective actions
        
        Less costly than treating + coping with illness
      - Heat alerts are triggers for cities to take prevention action e.g. opening cooling centres
      - Access to public drinking fountains
      - Updating building codes + landscaping laws increases energy efficiency - buildings = protection; shade trees; green roofs
      - Urban forests, streets trees, wooded areas
        
        Mitigate urban heat islands
        
        Decrease local temps. by 9 degrees F
  - - - Hospitable for harmful algae + microbes
      - Certain marine bac. more likely to survive in warmer waters
  - - - Increased ground-level ozone = poor lung function, inc. hospital admissions
      - More freq. + larger wildfires reduce air quality
        
        Smoke exposure inc. acute respiratory + CV illness
      - Exposure to allergens - inc. air pollutants = worsened allergic effects
    - - Air quality forecasts
      - People with pollen allergies can limmit their outdoor activity
      - Transportation and land-use planning decisions incorporate active transport modes = reduced air traffic pollution
  - - - Damp + flooded buildings = mould - affects indoor air quality = health issues (pneumonia)
    - - Flash floods
      - Dust storms
      - Wildfires
    - - Relocation
      - Greenways
        
        Community based
        
        Protects streams + floodways
        
        Storm water channelled into streams
        
        Increased vol. of streams = water surges = flooding
      - Land-use planning
        
        Design elements to handle runoff e.g. permeable mats. = reduced flood risks
- - - - 133,000 Ugandan children repeat an academic year
- - - - Neighbourhood effect - probability + proximity
      - S-shaped/logistic curve showing numbers of people affected
      - Impact of physical barriers - hinders speed
  - - - Spread rapidly as it was a new type of flu virus
      - Influenza spread rapidly thru coughing + sneezing + is highly infectious
      - At peak, new cases *2 every 15 days
      - CONTAGIOUS DIFFUSION alongside EXPANSION later
      - Closer to outbreak = increased likeliness = EXPANSION DIFFUSION
      - 1st recorded UK case in April - RELOCATION DIFFUSION
  - - - Distance
        
        Most important physical barrier
        
        Probability of contagious disease spreading to area is inversely proportional to distance from source
      - Mountians
      - Seas + oceans
      - Deserts
      - Climate
        
        Major factor is epidemology + distribution of diseases e.g. malaria + sleeping sickness
    - - Political borders
        
        Check international movement of carriers of infectious diseases
      - Curfews
        
        Maintain spread of disease
        
        Limits contact between people e.g. Ebola, Sierra Leone
      - Face masks + cancellation of public events
      - Mass vaccination
        
        Protects populations e.g. flu
      - Health education
- - - - Deaths via dementia have increased by 50%
    - - Heart diseases
        
        Biggest killer
      - Stroke
  - - - Dramatic mutation every 20-30 years
      - Great Flue Pandemic 1918
        
        Total death 50 million
        
        Severely affected US + UK
  - - - Air travel = disease spread globally within hours
      - SARS
        
        One man checked into Hong Kong
        
        Flight stopped to avoid pandemic
        
        1000 dead in over 20 countries
- - - - Caused by emissions from power generation, transport, agriculture, household pollution
      - 2.9 million deaths in 2013 - 64% Asia
    - - Carbon monoxide
      - Sulphur oxides
      - Ozone - linked to variety of diseases = v. damaging to health
      - N oxides
    - - Ind. waste
      - Power plants
      - Motor vehicle exhausts
      - Burning fossil fuels
    - - Volcanic eruptions
      - Wildfires
      - Thunderstorms
      - Radioactive decay
    - - Lead
      - Nitrogen oxide
      - Particualte matter
      - SO2
      - CO2
      - H flourdie
      - Carbon monoxide
    - - Ozone
      - Carbon monoxide
      - Nitrogen oxide
      - Copper
      - Cadmium
  - - - Nausea
      - Cancer
      - Respiratory illness
      - Skin irritation
      - CV illness
    - - Lung cancer has the most significant mortality rate - 600,000 deaths
        
        400k:200k - male:female
        
        83% mortality rate - around 50% in UK
      - 2.8 million cancerous deaths
      - Under 1% of the pop. live in areas meeting WHO air pollution guidelines
      - Cancer - uncontrolled cell division
      - Inhalation of particulate matter = cancer
  - - - Via wind turbines - produced 30 GW power