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24. Pertussis. Parapertussis (pertussis - WHOOPING COUGH (symptoms (nasal…
24. Pertussis. Parapertussis
pertussis - WHOOPING COUGH
bacterial infection caused by Bordetella pertussis.
only humans
gram -ve rod
estimated 285000 deaths worldwide
most infection during catarrhal stage
contagious stage- 1 week after exposure to 3 weeks after paroxysmal stage
transmitted via inhalation droplets and direct contact of infected person
incubation period- 7-14 days
symptoms
nasal congestion
cough, spasms
vomiting
convulsions
older children and adults have mild symptoms
pathogenesis
Colonizes surfaces of upper resp tract. Ciliary action slowed, toxins releases cause epithelial cell death, increased cAMP. Fever, excessive mucus secretion, increase blood lymphocytes.
prevention and treatment
acellular vaccines for immunisation of infants and children
purified vaccine to reduce adverse reactions.
3 doses every other month when infant is 2 months (pentaxim) (combined DPT, IPV AND HiB)
erythromycin eliminates B. pertussis if given before coughing starts
30-50 mg/kg body mass for ten days
useful for 2ndary bacterial infection control
principles of control
early diagnosis
bacteriological secretions of nose and throat via swabs
fluorescent antibody technique
isolation
treatment and disinfection of discharges
Parapertussis
caused by B. parapertussis
disease is usually milder than pertussis
whooping cough-like disease
does not secrete pertussis toxin
can also be asymptomatic
cases of infection with B parapertussis, even outbreaks, have been reported in immunized populations