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Scope of Political Science (5. Liberty and its safeguard (Safeguards of…
Scope of Political Science
What is Political Science?
The subject which studies about State and Government is called Political Science
1. Role of the State - Functions of Government
The term 'State' was first used by Machiavelli (in 16th century)
The State consists of four elements:
Population
Territory
Government
Sovereignty
The role and nature of the 'State' have been interpreted differently:
In 16th century, modern western liberal thinking arose with the
Commercial Revolution
in Western Europe and became prominent in the
Industrial Revolution
in the 18th century. These revolutions are brought into a new focus on new economy system, which is called
Capitalism
In 17th century, John Lockie, the British famous political philosopher, said,
State is then, to protect individuals' natural rights, right to life, liberty and property
In 19th century, Marxist viewed that the state has been a tool in the hands of 'haves' for exploiting and dominating the 'have-not's'.
In Gandhian view, the State would justify its existence by acting
"trustee of the people"
. It should help the poorest and the weakest one
During 1930s, welfare state - tries to promote the well being of its citizen especially the poor, the needy, the unemployed, and the aged.
3. Citizens and Government
Govt. has three organs.
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
4. Rights and Duties of Citizens
Civil rights
Political rights
Social rights
2. State - Power
5. Liberty and its safeguard
Civil liberty
Political liberty
Economic liberty
Safeguards of liberty:
Written constitution
Democratic system
Rule of law
Decentralization
Fundamental rights
Independent judiciaries