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Ecology and Evolution (Variations and Mutations (Factors which aren't…
Ecology and Evolution
Variations and Mutations
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Continuous data = height, intelligence
Discontinuous data = eye colour, hair colour, skin colour
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Causes of mutation = Radiation, hereditary, chemicals, extreme heat
Diseases = cystic fibrosis, sickle cell ammonia, huntington's, colour-blindness, down syndrome, dwarfism
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Natural Selection
- Each species shows variation
- There is competition within each species for food, living space, water, mates, etc.
- The 'better' adapted members of these species are most likely to survive.
- These survivors will pass on their better genes to their off spring who will also show this beneficial variation
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Antibiotic resistance is when a bacteria that used to be killed by drug isn't affected by it anymore.
Food Chains
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Primary producer --> Primary consumer --> Secondary consumer --> Tertiary consumer --> Quaternary consumer
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Not all the energy that's available to the organisms in a trophic level is passed onto the next level - around 90% of the energy is lost in various ways. Most of the energy is lost to the surroundings is lost. Only 10% of the total energy available become biomass.
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Sampling and quadrats
Quadrats
Population size
- Place a 1m2 quadrat on the ground at a random point within the area you are investigating
- Count all the organisms within the quadrat
- Multiply the number of organisms by the total area of the habitat
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