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Western front: Overview and key places (Overview (War began August 1914,…
Western front:
Overview and key places
The Somme
took place along the River Somme. High casualty rate. 1st day of battle British army suffered nearly 60000 casualties and 20000 dead.
In total 400000 Allied casualties which put enormous pressure on the medical services on the Western Front
Arras
Before Battle, allied soldiers dug a network of tunnels below Arras. Tunnelling was made easy by the chalky ground
New tunnels joined with existing tunnels, caves and quarries
Rooms were created with running water & electricity & theree was a hospital.
these tunnels were used for safety and to allow troops to the front in secrecy
spring 1917 another large scale Allied attack on German position. Initially some ground captured but caualties very high
Just before battle New Zealand soldiers and some Nothern England soldiers dug networks underground
Cambrai
1st time Brits used large numbers of tanks massed together to attack German trenches
After initial success, Brits were forced back
40000 British casualties
Overview
War began August 1914
summer and autumn 1918 final months of the war
Aug-Sept 1914 the first trenches
Oct-Nov 1914 First battle of Ypres
April-MAy 1915 Second battle of Ypres
Aug 1915 Gallipoli landings
October 1917 Revolution of Russia
July-Nov 1917 3rd Battle of Ypres
Feb-Dec 1916 Battle of Verdun
April-May 1917 Battle of Arras
April 1917 US enter the war
Nov-Dec 1917 Battle of Cambrai
July-Nov 1916 Battle of the Somme
Spring 1918 German Spring Offensive
Ypres
1st Battle of Ypres - British soldiers stopped Germans capturing Calais Reinforcements and equipment could arrive by ship to British army. End of 1914 trenches stretched from England to Switzerland. Strong defence hard to advance
2nd Battle of Ypres - German attacked using chlorine gas for the first time but failed to capture Ypres. Germany 35000 casualties, allied forces 60000.
3rd Battle of Ypres - 1917 Britain's allied troops launched major attack to stop Germany breaking through French defences. Aimed to capture Passchendale ridge. Constant rain, Ridge was captured but 245000 casualties