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Brazil: Colony to Empire (Colonial government (Portuguese Expansion…

- - - - Sign treaty between kings splitting area
        
        Determined future of lands - Portuguese language, slave economy
  - - - Needed money as well - increase commerce
        
        Traders have to agree with government what routes to use
  - - - e.g. Tupi
      - Not as organised as settlers - les "advanced"
      - Hunter-gatherers
      - Greeted Portuguese peacefully
    - - Red dye, mining, soils
      - Attention of French
      - 1530 Portugal send representative to exploit
- - - - Stake claim, entitlement to land
    - - Evangelicalisation reinforce claim
    - - Precious metals
      - Labour force
    - - Dense jungle, rivers
      - Andes
      - Unfriendly inhabitants
  - - - European demand for tea, sweets
  - - - Brought to work in gold mines and sugar plantations
      - Emergence of new ethnic identites
    - - Disease
      - Conflict with Jesuits
    - - Small towns and villages run by free black people and runaway slaves
      - Places of escape attacked by authorities
      - One became self-run country within a country
        
        King becomes powerful enough to treat with Portuguese on equal grounds
        
        Defeated forces sent to end
      - Feudal kingdoms
- - - - Elected by limited suffrage
- - - - Began to decline
        
        Accumulates large debts to Britain
        
        Clashes between crown and church
        
        Jesuits accused of plotting against king and are expelled from Portugal
        
        Increase in royalist powers
  - - - Disgruntled elite affecting change - access to public office, wealthy
    - - Affects everyone
      - Didn't want any taxation without representation
    - - Limited availability and high prices of manufactured goods
  - - - Inspiration from French and US revolutions
      - Leaders wanted independence from Portugal
      - Some call for end to slavery and rebellion
      - Tailor's revolts - middle class
        
        Most popular
        
        racial and radical element
  - - - British Royal Navy transports aristocrats etc to Sao Paolo
        
        Portuguese occupy Brazil - Brazil becomes port, Portugal colony
        
        Freedom to trade with friendly nations e.g. Britain
        
        Rio Capital of Portuguese empire
        
        Mostly peaceful rule
      - King Joao returns to Portugal in 1821 - intends to establish old order
        
        Left Dom Pedro, son, behind to rule
        
        Becomes emperor of Brazil
        
        Declares independence a year later in 1822
        
        New empire challenges – abolition of slave trade, renouncement to African territories, British pressures and debt
        
        Becomes a republic in 1889
        
        Elites resistant to re-establishment of Lisbon as ruler
        
        Discontent with restrictions on slave trade
        
        Persuade Dom Pedro to ignore fathre
- - - - Resembled feudal society too much - not economically profitable
  - - - Set up base in an area not settled by Portuguese
        
        Protestants
        
        Promising wood trade - successful
        
        Ousted by Portugues
    - - French, Dutch
      - Unstable society
  - - - Populated by Jesuits in conflict with secular clergy
      - Issues of indigenous rights and slavery - abuse, exploitation by religious orders