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Medieval Medicine in England c1250-c1500 (Key words (supernatural (ideas…
Medieval Medicine in England c1250-c1500
Why little change?
Education controlled by Church
4 Humours
stuck to Galen & Hippocrates theory
blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm
Church power
government more concerned about the defence of the country
Ideas about illness
Prevention
church
exercise
sleeping
keeping clean
breathing clean air
avoiding stress
regimen sanitatis
purifying air with herbs and flowers
Treatment
fasting
healing prayers
flagellation
lighting candles in church
going on pilgrimages
star charts
bloodletting, purging, operations
herbal remedies
balancing the 4 Humours
Causes
punishment from God
miasma/bad air
4 Humours
Supernatural
star charts
astrology
alignment of stars and planets
Dealing with Black Death
Prevention
posies of herbs & flowers - clear bad air
pray to God
pilgrimages/fasting
quarantine - 40 days - whole household
flagellants whipped themselves
Treatment
holy charms
lance buboes
prayer
herbs
light fire to cover bad air with smoke
bleeding/purging
Galen's opposites theory
causes
unusual alignment of planets Mars, Jupiter & Saturn in 1345
unbalanced Humours/evil Humours in the body
God punish sins
miasma
poisonous air from volcano/earthquake
Key people
Hippocrates
physician in ancient Greece
created theory of 4 Humours from patient observation
Physicians
attended university for at least 7 yrs
diagnose illness &suggested treatments
rarely treated illness
people qualified to practice medicine
looked at blood & urine
looked at star charts
Galen
had his ideas in over 350 books
extended Hippocrates' theory - 4 Humours have opposites and can be unbalanced
Doctor in ancient Rome
church promoted theory
Apothecaries
mixed herbal remedies
learnt from experiences - their own and their family's
some supernatural treatments e.g. charms for patients
less expensive than doctor
Surgeons
less qualified medical professional
performed simple surgery using sharp knives - bloodletting & pulling teeth
Key words
diagnosis
identifying the nature of an illness after considering the symptoms
quarantine
separating sick people to stop the spread of disease - people isolated in quarantined area
rakers
cleared animal dung from streets to stop creating bad air
supernatural
ideas unable to be explained using science or laws of nature
star charts using star signs, date of birth etc to help diagnose illness
astrology - alignments of stars & planets to help diagnose illness
pilgrimages
journeys made to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion
bloodletting
treatments of opening a vein to draw blood from a patient
flagellants
religious believers who whipped themselves to show God they repented their sins and to ask for forgiveness to avoid the plague
miasma
bad air - smells from decomposing material believed to cause disease