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TOPIC 10 (2. WORD-FORMATION IN ENGLISH (Types of word-formation (1.…
TOPIC 10
1. INTRODUCTION & JUSTIFICATION
New words come from different sources and morphology deals with these processes
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LOMCE Ch. 1, Article 2 Section 1
Order ECD 65/2015: CLC: The use of words to use language
Plan to Foster Reading: look for synonyms
CEFRL: knowing the words will help students to understand language
Grammar & Lexicology: relation between them
By studying word-formation we seek the individuality of items
2. WORD-FORMATION IN ENGLISH
Complex words, stem, base, affixes
Types of word-formation
1. Prefixation
2. Suffixation
3. Conversion
4. Compounding
Rules for word-formation: acceptable when gained institutional currency in language/intersection of the historical& contemporary( synchronic) study of language
2.1. Affixation; very productive
Prefixes
1. Negative: a, dis, in, non, un
2. Reverse or privative: de, dis, un
3. Pejorative: mal, mis, pseudo
4. Degree or size: arch, co, hyper, mini, out, over, sub, sur, ultra, under
5. Orientation & attitude: anti, contra, counter, pro
6. Locative: fore, inter, sub, super, trans
7. Time & order: fore, post, pre, re, ex
8. Neo-classical/ number: bi, di, two, poly, multi, many, semi, demi, hemi, tri, uni, mono
9. Miscellaneous neo-classical: auto, extra, neo, pan, paleo
10. Conversion: a, be, en
Suffixes: small semantic role, they change grammatical function. Classified according to the result they make when added
1. Denominal nouns, abstract; age, dom, ery, hood
2. Denominal nouns, concrete: eer, ess, er, let
3. Deverbal nouns: ant, er, ation, ing
4. Adjective-denominal: ed, ful, ish, less
5. Adverb suffixes; ly, ward, wise
6. Verb; ate, en, ify, ize
2.2. Compounding: one or mor than one base
1. First element stress or single accented
The second indicates the performer of the action
Nouns from verb+prep.particle make-up
Names of academic subjects: language-teacher
The 1st says what thing the 2nd is: current account
Established compounds; blackberry
2. Second element stress or doulbe accented
The 1st element is a material: chicken soup
The 1st element describes the location of the 2nd
Names of roads
Names of towns
Parts of the house
Position: left wing
Location in time: Middle Ages
Food items: Christimas pudding
Names of newspapers
Nouns ending in -er: looker-on
-ing+noun: free-thinker
Adj+past participle: narrow-minded
Adjective+present participle: good-looking
Noun+adverb: all-in, head-on
2.3. Noun compounds