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JONATNAN SWIFT and the SATIRICAL NOVEL (Swift's masterpiece can be…
JONATNAN SWIFT and the SATIRICAL NOVEL
Jonathan Swift' s life
was born in 1667. He was born and educated in
Dublin
, but his
family was English
.
he left Ireland for England at the time of Revolution in 1688. .
He started to work for
Sir William Temple
, a scolar and
Whig
statesman who encoraged him to write his first
satirical works.
In 1694 returned to Ireland and became an ordained Anglican priest.
In April 1713 he was made Deal of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, where he remained for the next thirty years.
Swift's later years were marked by the decay of his mental faculties, due to labyrinthine vertigo, and by deafness. He died in 1745.
A controversial writer
most controvrsial writes
.
He was been labelled alternatively as
a misanthrope
a lover of mankind
He was seriously
concerned
with politocs and society; had pessimistic attitude
He did not share the optimism of his age
According to Swift
too intensive a use of reason
error of unreasonable
reason is an instrument that must be used properly
common-sense view of life is
irony and satire
the means that suited his temperament and is interests.
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS
Was printed in London in 1726, but writter in the years 1721-25. :!:It consists of
4 BOOKS
, each dealing with the various of the
ship's surgeon, Lemuel Gulliver
, and illustrated by maps of the places he visited.
The story
The sources
Swift looked to the extensive literature of travel, both real and imaginary.
The scientific projects described in Book 3, display an acquaintance with nthe work of the Royal Society.
Finally, there are recognisable elements of political allegory through allusion to people and events in the England of Anne I and George I.
Throughout the 17th century the imaginary voyager had been used by French Writers as a vehicle for their theories.
From these utopias, the European man was seen as the victim of civilisation.
In addition, there are more general themes of moral satire: man's concern with unimportation matters and greed (Book1), his pride (Book 2), the representation of pure reason (Book 4), the absurdities and evils of the various professions (Book 3).
The character of Gulliver
Is middle-aged, well-educated, sensible and a careful observer.
He has experience of the world and he fully supports the culture which has produced him.
Gulliver differs from the typical traveller because the people he meets during his voyages are not children of nature.
he is disgusted by everything at home, it is because Europe falling into a state of corruption (expressed in the novel by the constant opposition between rationality and animality).
constant
displocement
of the hero
Gulliver forced into comparison not with men but whith animals.
Gulliver both as an object and as an instrument of satire.
Swift's masterpiece can be read on
different levels
tale for children
plitical allegory
parody of voyage literature
masterpiece of
misanthropy
BOOKS
A Tale of a Tub
(1704) is a satire about religius, porties chatholics and dissenters
The Battle of the Books
(1704) merits of incited a modern literature
Gulliver Travels
(1726)[Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World] is a satirical novel
A Modest Proposal
(1729) is satire suggesting the poverty of Irish people relieved by the sal of their children ass food for the rich.
BOOK 1
Gulliver sails from Bristol; after six months is shipwrecked somewhere in the South Pacific. He is cast upn the shre of 'Lilliut', the inhabitants the 'Lilliputians' are only six inches tall.
BOOK 2
Gulliver sails for India, but finds himself in 'Brobdinhnag', a country in Alaska. The natives are gigants twelve times as tall Gulliver. He becomes the King's pet. He is rescued by a ship and returns to England.
BOOK 3
Gulliver's ship is attacked by pirates who set him adrift on a asmall boat. He finds himself on the Flying Island of 'Laputa'; inhabitants are absent-minded astronomers, philosophers and scientists. The Island drops Gulliver onJapan and he manages to go back to England.
BOOK 4
Gulliver's last voyage lesds him to the Island inhabited by the 'Houyhnhnms', horses endowed whit reason, he that rule over the 'Yahoos', a vile species of animal resembling human beungs. The horses banish him, he Leaves for England. :explode:he joins his wife and children but cannot stand their human smell of humanity goes to live in the stable.
STYLE
First-person narration
Matter-of-pact
prose style
Free of literature colouring
Record of observed details with the prcision of a scientific instrument