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Philosophy of the Mind (The Mind-Body Problem (Materialism (Everything…

- - - - A point of view that states that reason plays the main role in understanding the world and obtaining knowledge
        
        All knowledge acquired through reasoning
        
        That we understand the world through logic & reasoning - perceiving the world through our senses is unreliable/ has limitations
      - The mind is fundamentally rational, representational, and rule-governed
        
        Truth can best be discovered by reason and factual analysis
        
        Not faith, dogma or religious teaching
      - Innate class-"Some ideas are present from birth"
        
        All ideas in our minds does not come from our senses but formed by means of an innate mechanism for 'forming ideas'
      - A prior Knowledge- "Some ideas are true independent of experience"
        
        That knowledge which is independent of experience must be more trustworthy because it has less to do with the senses.
    - - Knowledge is essentially empirical
      - The mind is "white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas"
      - We abstract from what the world presents to us, to arrive at our eventual knowledge of what there is in that world
      - Empirical Knowledge
        
        Intuitive= Most obvious and most difficult to doubt
        
        Demonstrative= When we begin to put simple ideas together to form complex ones, we are demonstrating something.
        
        Sensitive= Most uncertain because it relies merely on the evidence of the senses.
  - - - Law of nature
      - Genetic inheritance
- - - - All our conscious reasoning, ideas, knowledge and intelligence reside here
      - Qualia= the ways things seem to us
    - - Where we experience the world through our senses
      - It is the interaction between the 2 entities that creates our unique identity
      - Always divisible
    - - Dualism is upheld by major religions in the world(i.e. immortal soul)
        
        The human soul does not perish with the body, and that God exists
      - However, overhelming evidence suggest that mind and brain are closely correlated / linked
        
        Personality is changed with damage to the prefrontal cortex
        
        Self is diminished- slowly eaten up - in Alzheimer disease
        
        Strong evidence showing that Schizophrenia and Depression has to do with the malfunctioning of neurotransmitters
  - - - The only thing that can truly be said to exist is Matter
      - Rejects doctrines of immaterial substance such as the nonphysical entity in Dualism
    - - The forms material things take depend on the attributes of these atoms- sizes, shape, location
    - - The different aspects of humans (i.e. bodies, soul) results from the different sorts of atoms
    - - Mental states are identical to brain states, that facts about mentality are reducible to physical facts
      - Operations of the mind can be understood strictly in terms of the functions of the brain
- - - - The nature of knowing (epistemology)
      - the mind-body distinction
      - the mind-brain distinction
- - - - the nature of knowing (epistemology)
      - the mind-body distinction
      - the mind-brain distinction
- - - - the mind-body distinction
      - The nature of knowing (epistemology)
      - the mind-brain distinction