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2a.5 How do natural and human factors change the water cycle in the…
2a.5
How do natural and human factors change the water cycle in the tropical rainforest?
The Upper Madeira Basin
The drainage basin is mostly
crystalline rock
- mostly
impermeable
Relief
is mostly below
200m
. However, on the southern edge, it rises to
500m
El Niño
Natural
event that causes
temporary changes in the world's climate
(lasting ~1 year)
Occurs every
3-7 years
CAUSES DRY WEATHER IN THE AMAZON
Natural
changes to the Amazon cycles
ENSO
causes natural
decadal
scale variations in rainfall.
During an ENSO the Amazon can experience:
Less rainfall
Reduced vegetation growth
Reduced transpiration
Reduced carbon sequestration
Due to less photosynthesis
Can cause natural forest fires and worsen man-made ones, releasing carbon.
Human changes in the Amazon
Global agricultural demand :corn:
Economics :moneybag:
Population pressures :silhouettes:
Energy demand :bulb:
BRAZIL - population:
80 million -> 200 million
, more than
doubled
in
50 years
.
Human changes in the Amazon
Deforestation
Main causes:
HEP
Mining :diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside:
Agriculture
Slash and burn :fire:
Transmigration
Soybean farming
Cattle ranching :cow2:
Roads :car: