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The Iberian Peninsula the Early Middle Ages (Al-Ándalus (Political…
The Iberian Peninsula
the Early Middle Ages
Al-Ándalus
Society
Muslims
Arabs
Dominant, owner of Latifundia
Berbers
North Africa
Converted to Islam
Livestock, farmers, soldiers
Muladies
Peninsula
Converted to Islam
Agriculture
Non-muslims
Mozarabs
Peninsula
Not converted
Jews
Slaves
Culture
Córdoba: culture center
Arabic: oficial language
Many words of arabic
Romance languages
Develops
Art and sciences
Astronomy
Medicine
Geography
History
Filosophy
Maths
Literature
Political develops
The end Visigoths
710, king Rodrigo
711, Battle of Guadalete
Rodrigo died
712, conquered Toledo
715, almost cities conquered
722, Battle of Covadonga
Conquered visigothic kingdom
Desintegration
Muslims soldiers
motivate faith
Measures applied
Christians and Jews
Alliances
732, Battle of Poitiers
Dependent Emirate
Almost of Peninsula
Al- Andalus(Cordoba)
Independent Emirate
Abderramán
Emir of the Caliphate
Córdoba Caliphate
Abderramán
Caliph(religious and politic)
The taifa kingdoms
Caliphate separate
North African Empires
invaded
Almoravids
Almohads
Economy
Agriculture
Non-irrigation crops
New crops
Technological advances
Sheep farming
Pigeon breeding
Bee-keeping
Trade
Prosperous
Trade routes
Strategic point
Merged
Christians
Muslims
Craftwork
Imported
Animals skins
Metal weapons
Luxury products
Exported
Oil
Cotton
Kingdom of Asturias
Alfonso I
Expand
Galicia
Northem Meseta
Alfonso III
Conquered
Coimbra
Oporto
Died
Divide his territories
Asturias
Capital
Oviedo to Leon
Galicia
Leon
Dominant kingdom
To defend
Build castle
Hispanic March
Hispanic March
Charlemagne
Center and eastern of Pirineos
Catalan counties
Barcelona
County of Aragon
Separate Frankish Kingdom
Become to Navarra Kingdom
Ramiro I
First king
Kingdom of Pamplona
First Pamplona
Loyal
Caliphate of Córdoba
Independence
Alliances
XI
Maximun size
Sancho III
Added Castilla and Aragon
Died = Divided Territories
Second Navarra
Christians Kingdoms
Economy
Agriculture
Subsistence: low production
Crops: cereals
Crop rotation=fallow
Livestock
Sheep farming
Trade
limited
neighbouring areas
Society
Christians
Jews
Muslims
Main groups
Nobles
Lands and titles
Peasants
Vassals
Works in the lands
Free peasants
Repopulation
Mozarabs escape
Kingdom of Leon repopulated
Territories
Free peasants
special rights and privileges
loyalty
to the crown.
Control of the land
Church
Nobles
paying special taxes
Muslims
Jews