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Histology and Imaging Anatomy (Imaging Anatomy (Magnetic Resonance Imaging…
Histology and Imaging Anatomy
Tissue and organs
Epithelia
Functions
Physical Protection
Protect exposed and internal surfaces from abrasion, dehydration and destruction
Control permeability
Selective absorption and secretion.
Regulated by modified response to stimuli
Provide Sensation
Extremely sensitive to stimulation
Large nervous supply
Provides information about external and internal environments
Produce Specialized Secretions
Gland cells
Produce secretions
Provide physical protection
Temperature regulation
Released into surrounding interstitial fluid
Chemical messengers
Connective tissue
Functions
Connecting of epithelium to the rest of the body
Establish structural framework for the body
Protection
Delicate organs
Defending the body from invading microorganisms
transportation of minerals within the body
Storing of energy
AOB
Situated throughout the body but never exposed to the outside environment
Fills internal spaces
Physical barriers that line or cover body surfaces
Membranes
Mucous
Digestive, Respiratory, Reproductive, Urinary
Line passageways and chambers that communicate with exterior
Serous
Lines sealed, internal subdivisions of the ventral body cavity
Thin but firmly attached to whatever they are covering
Cutaneous
Skin
Covers surface of the body
Synovial
Lines the Joint Cavity
Produces synovial fluid which fills the joint cavity
Fasciae
Function
Provide strength and stability
Maintain relative positions or internal organs
provide route for distribution
Blood vessels
lmphatic vessels
Nerves
Muscle Tissue
Types
Skeletal
Muscles responsible for gross body movements
Cardiac
Found only in the heart
responsible for blood circulation
Smooth
Found in walls of hollow organs
Provides
Elasticity
Contractility
Support
Neural Tissue
Types
Neurons
Nerve cells
perform electrical communication
Neuroglia
Supporting cells
Repair and supply nutrients to neurons
Imaging Anatomy
Radiography (X-Ray)
Creation of pictures of bones and internal organs
Radiant energy which penetrates the body
Good for fractures, dislocations, arthritis, tumours, calcification
Disadvantages
Only shows bones
Poor discrimination of soft tissues
Shows a 2Dview of the human body
Structures super imposed on top of one another
Fluoroscopy
Real time images of the body
Arthrogram
Digestive tract
Hepato-biliary
Genitourinary
Visualise the anatomy and function of joints
Requires injection of a contrast material
Barium
Iodine
Computed Tomography (CT)
Cross-Sectional
Computer-reconstructed images in a variety of body planes
Displayed as if viewer were at the supine of patient's feet
Greater discrimination of soft tissues than conventional radiography
Good for joints, cartilage and labrum
Cannot detect extra-articular pathologies
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Does not use X-rays
Images based on distribution of H-atoms in body tissues
Constructs images in a variety of body planes
Direct imaging of body structures without the use of contrast media
Bone scans
Ultrasound