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Phases of Motor Development (6 months - 2 years:Rudimentary movements…
Phases of Motor Development
Birth - 6 months:Reflexive & spontaneous movements
Reflexes
Inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation
天生的，對特定形式的刺激的自動反應
Some reflexes have survival value
有些反射有生存價值
Some reflexes help infants survive during our evolutionary past
有些反射能幫助嬰兒在我們的進化過程中生存
A few reflexes form the basis for complex motor skills that will develop and renew its functions later
一些反射形成了複雜運動技能的基礎，這些運動技能將在以後發展和更新其功能
Spontaneous Movements:
自發運動
Uncontrollable, rhythmic types of motions
無法控制，有節奏的動作類型
It is believed that these involuntary movements set the stage for future motor growth.
相信這些不自主的運動為未來的運動發展奠定了基礎。
E.g. repeated kicking of legs, waving of arms, rocking on hands and knees, and flexing of fingers.
例如,重複地踢腿，揮動手臂，用手和膝蓋搖晃，手指彎曲。
6 months - 2 years:Rudimentary movements
Voluntary movements start
自願行動開始
Infants exhibit a combination of reflexes/spontaneous movements along with some new voluntary movements. 嬰兒表現出反射/自發運動的組合以及一些新的自願運動
Infants are able to have more postural control under the principle of cephalocaudal and proximodistal trend.
嬰兒在頭顱和近前趨勢的原則下能夠有更多的姿勢控制
2 - 6 years:Fundamental movements
It marks a major milestone in early childhood development.
它標誌著幼兒發展的一個重要里程碑
Over 30 characteristic fundamental motor movements start to emerge.
超過30個特徵性運動開始出現
These skills build a foundation for efficient and more complex movements that are needed in later child developmental stages.
這些技能為後來的兒童發育階段所需的高效和更複雜的運動奠定了基礎
Skills include: locomotor, stability and manipulative movement skills
技能包括：運動，穩定性和操控性運動技巧
6 - 12 years:Sports skills (specialized movement)
The changes in physical growth, body structure, and physiological development allow the child to show significant improvements in their motor skills.
身體發育，身體結構和生理髮育的變化使得孩子在運動技能方面有了顯著的提高
Fundamental movement skills become more refined and fluid, so more sport and recreational activities can be adapted.
基本的運動技能變得更加精緻和流暢，所以更多的運動和娛樂活動可以適應