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History (Cold War (Russia (Communist (One party state, No freedom of…
History
Cold War
Conferences
Yalta Conference
Who? Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
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Potsdam Conference
Who? Truman, Atlee, Stalin
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Russia
Communist
One party state, No freedom of speech, everyone gets the same pay, ect
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The League of Nations
Aims
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to encourage countries to co-operate, especially in business and trade
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Members
The Big Three
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Woodrow Wilson- America
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Wanted to give self determination to small countries that had once been a part of the European empires
Created 14 points, which were to be the guidelines for a just and lasting peace treaty to end conflict. One of which was the creation of the League
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Did the League fail?
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Failures
Manchuria-1931-33
Background- Since 1900 Japan's economy and population had been growing rapidly. By the 1920s Japan was a major power with a powerful military, strong industries and a growing empire. However the depression hit Japan badly as china and the USA put tariffs against Japanese goods. Japanese leaders were adamant they were not to face any problems
In 1931, an incident in Manchuria gave them an ideal opportunity. The Japanese army controlled the South Manchuria Railway. When Chinese troop allegedly attacked the railway the Japanese armed forces used this as an excuse to invade and set up a government in Manchuria, which they controlled.
China appealed to the League. Japan argued that China was in such a state of anarchy that they had to invade in self defense to keep the peace in the area.
The league investigates. However, because of limited access due to poor travel it took a full year for the League to release a report. It said that Japan acted unlawfully and Manchuria should be returned to the Chinese
However in February 1933, instead of withdrawing from manchuria, Japan announced that they intended to invade more of China.On February 24th 1933 the report was approved by 42 votes to 1. Japan resigned on the 27th of March 1933. The next week it invaded Jehol.
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Treaty of Versailles
Terms
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£6,600 million in reparations
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Armed Forces
army was limited to 100,000 men
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no armored vehicles, submarines or aircrafts
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Other Treaties
Treaty of Neuilly-1919, Bulgaria
Lost land to Greece , Romania and Yugoslavia, £10 mil in reparations, Army limited to 20,000, treated less harshly that Germany's other allies overall
Treaty of Trianon-1920, Hungary
Lost land to Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, meant to pay reparations but its economy was so weak it never did
Treaty of St Germain-1919, Austria
Austro-hungarian empire was broken up, Austria suffered severe economic problems as a result, Army limited to 30,000 men, anschluss
Treaty of Sevres-1920, Turkey
Lost land to Bulgaria, Italy and Greece, lost its empire including Tunisia and Morocco, Army limited to 50,000 men, navy strictly limited, no air force
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Germany's reaction
War guilt- They felt they hadn't started the war, and thought the blame should at least be shared
reparations - were bitter about having to pay for the damage even though the German economy was severely weakened
German territories-this was a major blow to German pride and economy. Both the Saar and Upper Silesia were important industrial areas. Meanwhile the British and French were increasing their empires
Non-representation - were angry that their government wasn't represented at peace talks and that they were being forced to accept a harsh treaty without any comment. They felt they didn't lose so they shouldn't be treated as a defeated nation
Disarmament- The army was a symbol of German pride. Despite the Wilson's 14 points calling for disarmament, none of the allies were being asked to disarm in the same way.
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The 14 Points- The treatment of Germany was not in keeping of the points. For example, self-determination was given to countries like Estonia and Latvia but German speaking areas were given to new countries such as Czechoslovakia.
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