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Climate change and the future (California (Causes (Fall in precipitation…
Climate change and the future
Sahel
A band of arid desert which stretches from Mauritania to Eritrea
Rainfall varies between 100 mm and 600 mm
90% of this occurs between July and September as part of the West African Monsoon
Failed in the 1970s and 1980s
Re-greening
Planting vegetation alongside other sustainable land management schemes
Low in cost
Creates a water store
California
40 million Californians at risk of drought
Mega-droughts lasting 30 years have a 50% chance of occurence
In 2015, the state faced its worst drought in 1200 years
Causes
Evaporation rates are raised as temperatures increase
Fall in precipitation
Surface runoff decreases
Soil becomes less moist
Reservoirs stored only 77% of the average amount in 2016
The future
Future climate change
The Walker cell- atmospheric air moves eastwards and surface air moves westwards, causing trade winds
La Niña
El Niño
ENSO- the difference in air pressure between normal years and El Niño years
The effects of El Niño will become more intense due to climate change
Different regions will warm at different rates