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B207 - Block 2 session 11 (1) Context to innovation (New words (Tacit,…
B207 - Block 2 session 11 (1) Context to innovation
The geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems.
Asheim and Gertler, 2006
New words
Tacit
Codify
Ubiquitous
Exogenous
Dirigiste
Endogenous
Globalisation
Businesses can access information everywhere
Tacit knowledge however remains local
Tacit knowledge key to determine geography
Difficult to exchange over distance
Social and institutional context
Geography matters
Doesn't travel easily
Best face to face
Based on basic commonalities
Learning by interacting
Understanding of shared local codes
Importance of innovation....
Clusters
Districts
Regions
Cross-fertilising effects of research inst.
Regional Innovation Systems (RIS)
Regionally networked innovation system
More planned 'policy'
Intentional development of region in an area
Regional cluster of industries
Plus supporting businesses
Typical in Germany, Austria and Nordic regions
Highly developed networks
Development
Technology transfer
Basic research
Market orientated development
Focus on SME needs
Production
Component supply
Machinery supply
Labour
Strong vocational education
Apprenticeship
Training systems
Highly skilled
Versatile
Mandatory membership of Chamber of commerce
Role in design of training
Overview
Increase innovation capacity and collaboration
Regional system embedded in national regulatory framework
Labour market structures
Stable employment relations
Learning by doing
Incentives to train
Worker participation in ....
Day-to-day decision making
Longer term strategic decisions
Harnessing tacit knowledge
Centralised bargaining systems
Minimize inter-firm variation
Wage levels
Benefits levels
Competition based on...
Quality
Innovativeness
Capital market structures
Encourage longer-term planning
Provides stability in workplace
Regionalised national innovation systems
Integrated into national innovation systems
Innovation with actors outside the region
Dirigiste RIS
Incorporating
Universities
Research institutes
Research corporations
Specific projects
Radical innovations
Communities of practice
Inter regional
international
Science parks
KE between R&D departments of large firms and scientists
KE often instigated by public sector
Similar to NERC innovation team
National level
Territorially embedded RIS
Grass-roots RIS
Localised learning processes
Geographical
Social
Cultural proximity
Networks of SMEs in industrial districts
Relationship between regional and international systems
Regional innovation systems aka Institutional regional innovation system (IRIS)
Typical of Germany or Nordic countries
Technology and innovation paths dependant
Grown incrementally together
Evolving but well understood sectoral innovation
New economy innovation system (NEIS) aka Entrepreneurial regional innovation systems (ERIS)
Typical of USA/UK
Venture capital driven
Flexible
Adaptable
Lock-in less likely
Less stability than IRIS
Less systematic support
Public and private sectors important