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ALTERNATIVE DESIGN (assist marginalized groups (redirecting design…

- - - - limited resource availability, different perspectives on the nature of the problem-solution, lack of familiarity with technologies
        
        FAIL > significant differences between technology's developmental context and its use context
        
        APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY > '70 as social movement
        
        several related alternative design
        
        ECOLOGICAL DESIGN / UNCERTAINTY
        
        asks question about natural complexity
        
        recognizes the complexity of natural systems
        
        productive strategy to understand or represent a social-technical problem or design its solution
        
        designers incorporate diversity-flexibility and biological compatibility
        
        human systems work with natural systems
        
        FEMINIST DESIGN / GOVERNING MENTALITIES
        
        gendered power relation embeded in material objects > social-material relation reinforce sexist practice
        
        consider the relation between the built world and the position of women in society
        
        governing mentalities are values and norms, persuasive toughts > shape how people interpret macro socialcultural phenomena
        
        breaking down social hierarchies underlies social power inequalities and lead to marginalization
        
        request of reconceptulization of gender roles and change into the governing mentalities
        
        PARTICIPATORY DESIGN / DESAGREEMENT
        
        is fairer and is more intelligent that non-participatory > people affected by decision or event should have an opportunity to influence it > broad participation by multiple interests is more likely to result in innovative solutions to shared problems
        
        people destined to use the system are playing a significant role designing it
        
        artifacts embody certain types of power relations > power inbalances > design as a tool for arbitrating disagreement
        
        SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE DESIGN / AGENCY
        
        agency as ability to act indipendently of larger structural forces > the ablity to work in ways in design compares dominant design outcomes and empowers marginalized social groups
        
        design product genuinely needed by humanity
        
        market provides incentive for designers to participate in economic system > consumerist market structure provide lucrative incentives for designing the superfluous > problem when market structures reinforce individualism and work against the possibility of a social vision in design
        
        using social work you can meet the need of unserved and marginalized groups > collaboration with professionists (social and health workers) > framework insulated from market priorities
        
        UNIVERSAL DESIGN / DIVERSITY
        
        design that can embraces ever-greater diversity
        
        greater inclusiveness of disabilities is not a system for everyone's needs
        
        different people have different needs
        
        goal of account to a range of different abilities > design objects usable by a large range of people include who has disabilies
        
        is an inclusion, not only in the use or the access, but even in the psychological interaction
        
        APPROPRIATE DESIGN
        
        ongoing activity
        
        1_accounts for diversity and desagreement
        
        regards to thinking about how social power operates in design and how should it operate more adequately
        
        2_accepts and copes with uncertaintly (avoid comand and control approaches)
        
        3_recognize the importance of governing mentalities (difficult to identify and important to change)
        
        4_theorizes agency-structure tensions