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HANNAH'S MOVEMENT ANALYSIS (ANALYSIS OF SELECTED MOVEMENTS (STANDING…
HANNAH'S MOVEMENT ANALYSIS
LEVERS
F R E / 1 2 3
FIRST CLASS
resistance - fulcrum - effort
e.g: tricep extension
SECOND CLASS
fulcrum - resistance - effort
e.g: ankle joint plantar flexing to stand on tip toes
THIRD CLASS
fulcrum - effort - resistance
e.g: lifting something
EFFORT
the force applied by the user of the lever system
RESISTANCE
the force applied by the lever system
FULCRUM
the point about which the lever rotates
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
the benefit to a lever system of having either a short effort arm or a short resistance arm
HOW TO WORK IT OUT
distance of effort arm DIVIDED BY distance of resistance arm
BENEFIT OF A SHORT EFFORT ARM
rapid movements over a large range of movement
first and third class levers
more than 1
BENEFIT OF A SHORT RESISTANCE ARM
being able to move a heavy weight
second class lever
e.g: gastrocnemius - can easily move resistance (body weight)
if the effort arm is long and the resistance arm is short
the effort arm CAN move large loads over a short distance with little force
if the resistance arm is long and the effort arm is short
the resistance arm CAN'T move heavy loads, but can move a load at a greater speed and has a larger range of motion
MUSCLE ACTION
ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE PAIRS
AGONIST
the main muscle that works
ANTAGONIST
supports the agonist
e.g: bicep + tricep, hamstrings + quadriceps, tibialis anterior + gastrocnemius
MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS FOR MOVEMENT
ISOTONIC
CONCENTRIC
when the muscle shortens
e.g: lifting a weight
ECCENTRIC
control of the eccentric muscles agonist
e.g: slowly lowering a weight
muscle changes length to cause movement
ISOMETRIC
muscle stays the same length and there's no movement
PLANES AND AXIS
PLANES
TRANSVERSE
top and bottom of the body
rotational or turning movements
FRONTAL
faces the front
side to side movements
SAGITTAL
splits the body in half (head to toe)
forwards or backwards movement
AXIS
TRANSVERSE
for table football
forwards or backwards movement
LONGITUDINAL
longitude lines in geo
rotational or turning movements
SAGITTAL
faces the front
side to side movements
ST / TL / FS
sooty tries / to look / for sweep
TRANSVERSE + LONGITUDINAL
BOWLING IN CRICKET
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
INTERNAL ROTATION
turning your hand and forearm TOWARDS your body
EXTERNAL ROTATION
turning your hand and forearm AWAY from your body
main agonists that cause internal and external rotation
SAGITTAL + TRANSVERSE
BACKSTROKE
deltoid = muscle causing flexion at the shoulder
latissimus dorsi = muscle causing extension at the shoulder
SHOOTING IN NETBALL
biceps = muscle causing flexion at the elbow
triceps = muscle causing extension at the elbow
RUNNING / JUMPING / KICKING / SQUATS
hamstrings = muscle causing flexion at the knee
quadriceps = muscle causing extension at the knee
FRONTAL + SAGITTAL
BUTTERFLY
ABDUCTION
taking your arms AWAY from your body
deltoid = muscle causing abduction at the shoulder
ADDUCTION
bringing your arms back TOWARDS your body
latissimus dorsi = muscle causing abduction at the shoulder
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED MOVEMENTS
PRESS UPS
PUSHING UP PHASE
extension at the elbow
main agonist = triceps
concentric contraction of the tricep muscles
LOWERING DOWN PHASE
flexion at the elbow
eccentric contraction of the tricep muscles
FOOTBALL THROW - IN
starts with = ball behind the head
finishes with = ball leaving the hands
DURING THE MOVEMENT
extension at the elbow
concentric contraction of the tricep muscles
RUNNING
sagittal plane
transverse axis
DRIVE PHASE
short period of time where the performers foot is in contact with the ground and the performer pushes off the floor
extension at the knee
concentric contraction of the quadricep muscles
extension at the hip
concentric contraction of the gluteal muscles
plantar flexion
concentric contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle
RECOVERY PHASE
when the leg is brought forward to start another stride
flexion at the knee
concentric contraction of the hamstring muscles
flexion at the hip
concentric contraction of the hip flexor muscles
dorsiflexion
KICKING
extension at the knee
bent knee to straight knee
concentric contraction of the quadricep muscles
flexion at the hip
concentric contraction of the hip flexors
KICKING ACTION
ankle remains plantar flexed throughout
isometric contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle
STANDING VERTICAL JUMP
start in crouched position
extension at the hip
concentric contraction of the gluteal muscles
extension at the knee
concentric contraction of the quadricep muscles
plantar flexion at the ankle
concentric contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle
SQUATS
UPWARD PHASE
1.
extension at the hip
concentric contraction of the gluteal muscles
2.
extension at the knee
concentric contraction of the quadricep mucsles
3.
plantar flexion at the ankle
concentric contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle
DOWNWARD PHASE
1.
flexion at the hip
eccentric contraction of the gluteal muscles
2.
flexion at the knee
eccentric contraction of the quadricep muscles (controls the descent)
3.
dorsiflexion at the ankle
eccentric contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle
SHOULDER ACTION DURING CRICKET BOWLING
rotation at the shoulder
caused by action of the rotator cuff muscles
transverse plane
longitudinal axis
extension at the shoulder
caused by action of the deltoid muscles
SHOOTING IN NETBALL
extension at the elbow
concentric contraction at the tricep muscles
sagittal plane
transverse axis