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Phoenicians, Lydians and Hebrews (Phoenicia (Traders (Great metal-workers,…
Phoenicians, Lydians and Hebrews
Theme questions
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Dr Paula Gooder
“One of the reasons David is so successful as a king is that he weaves the relationship with God into the very life of the people. So when David establishes his capital in Jerusalem he establishes it with the Ark of the Covenant.
One of the most important features of the establishment of the capital is that the Ark of the Covenant is taken in a joyful procession into the capital. So the capital becomes not only the political heart of the nation but also the religious heart of the nation.
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David places the Ark of the Covenant in a single place in the capital, and it is there that the people must come to worship God. David's capital is so successful because the people have to come and worship God in the one place. It's as though David gives those twelve disparate tribes a focus that they can all look to. They can come and worship and have their political life at the centre of the nation.”
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Phoenicia
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Traders
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Wine, linen, olive oil, dried fish
Turned to trade since the Libanon mountains blocked them from expanding to the east, so they only had the western sea left to turn to
Culture
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Religion
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Human sacrifice to pease God(s), sometimes even their own children
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Alexander the Great
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Conquered the area and tried to peacefully assimilate it, but that didn't happen (he was denied access to the temple in Tyre) so he squashed the Phoenicians and ended their long run of prosperity
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Hebrews
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History
Abraham
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His descendants travelled to eastern Egypt, and the eastern bank of the Nile
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Establishing in Canaan became difficult as other people lived there, the Philistines and the Canaanites
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Unification
Kingdom of Israel
Saul
David
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Solomon
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900 B.C
Kingdom of Judah
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Kingdom of Israel
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The two new kingdoms weren't strong enough to defend themselves from invaders so both of them fell under the Persian invasions
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10 Commandments
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Emphasise principles of self-restraint as well as the importance of family, human life and formal worship
Jewish Law
Taken from the Old Testament, also known as the Torah
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High value of the human life, whether it be slave, poor or stranger
Severe punishments for witchcraft, sacrifices to idols, adultery, kidnapping and treason
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Development
Yahweh
In the beginning he was seen as a jealous god (impassioned) that would punish future generations for their parents sins against Yahweh
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Yahweh protected the Hebrews from their enemies, gave them food and water and their side in battle
The view of Yahweh changed because of the suffering of the Hebrews as well as because of the sayings of the prophets
The prophets said that Yahweh was more concerned with a person's moral behaviour than with their religious rituals
People have a choice of being good or evil, and they are held accountable for their choices by Yahweh
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Instead of being a more powerful human, yahweh was more of a spiritual force
The only divine force there was. Kings were not divine, only Yahweh
Ethical monotheism
The Hebrew form of monotheism is usually called ethical monotheism because of its emphasis on ethics
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