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Evolution of Biz and Tech (Invention of the Internet (Basic protocols were…
Evolution of Biz and Tech
Invention of the Internet
Internet: Collection of inter-connected computing devices (routers, switches, servers) that allows for exchange of info using client server model.
Before was ARPANET (now DARPANET)
Makers were: Charley Klein, Robert Kahn, Vint Cerf
First: "LO" transferred from UCLA to Stanford
Basic protocols were needed to transfer data
Data sent in packets (of known size) to prevent congestion
Session established with a remote device
Packets numbers and sent using session ID
Mandatory protocol - Transmission Control Protocol (fixes sequences of packets, asks to resend, breaks down and reassembles data etc ...)
Others include User Data Protocol, like TCP but without error correction
Internet Protocol - the from and to
WWW (Tim Burner Lee invented at CERN) - collection of network accessible info according to W3C
HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language - the language
HTTP - Hyper text transfer protocols - defines how messages are formatted, transmitted and what actions web servers + browsers should do in response to certain commands
IP and addressing
IPv4 - 32 bit, 4 octets (8bit x 4), 2^32 available
Private IPs help reduce overuse
IPv6 - 2^128, A-F 0-9
eg fe80:(this is 0):aebc:32ff:fe92:cb25 - note 6
Common basic web-transfer - see 1.1 Appendix
Three tier architecture
Presentation Web server layer
Application logic middle ware
Database (data layer)
Firewalls between each
Domain Name System - phone book, converters web address to IPs (Appendix 1.2, DNS look-up)
Routing, Switching and Security
Routers - where to send packets, traffic light
Switches - which port to send, valet parking
Security
Software
IP tables
Host based firewalls: firewall, AV, anti-malware
Hardware
Firewalls
Intrusion detection Systems
IPS - Prevention
Separate but work together
Web-Application firewall
Routing / switching access list - for DDOS / DOS
Better to have all of these coordinating with one another
Encryption
Caesar Cyper (+n)
Scytale - leather strip, transpose text
Modern Standards
Block Encryption
Data Encryption Standard
3DES
64,128 bit key sizes - all hacked
Substitution Permutation
Advanced Encryption Standards
128, 192, 256 bit key sizes - secure
Which to use dependent on
Value of data
Temporal relevance
but AES pretty cheap
Structure of the firm
Hierarchy-based Org (Appendix 1.5)
Matrix Based org (Appendix 1.6)
6 basic parts of org (Mintzberg Model)
Ideology - beliefs, traditions, norms ...
Strategic Apex - Top Management
Middle line - VPs, Dirs
Operating core - those who produce
Techno structure - Analysts, design systems
Support Staff - HR, payroll ...
Org Configurations (Mintzberg Model)
Simple Org (Entrepreneurial) - direct supervision
Machine Bureaucracy - standardization of work
Professional org - Standardization of skills
Division Org - Standardization of outputs (rockets to fly same way)
Ad-hocracy org (Innovative - lot more middle management) - mutual adjustment
Idealistic Org (Missionary) - Standardization of norms
Political Org - lacks coordinating mechanism
Tech Sales
Project Management
PMI
Agile
Service level and Contract Management
Strategic Management
Formal Designs
Emergent Strategy (Mintzberg
Appendix 1.3)
OODA loop (John Boyd, Appendix 1.4)
Bottom line: Strategic Management is cyclical