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Socio-Religious Reform Movements (Revivalism (Theosophical Society 1875…
Socio-Religious Reform Movements
Reform Movements
top down led movements
social base = emerging middle class western educated intelluctuals
values of
rationality
reason
universalism
humanism
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Bengal Brahmo Samaj 1828
propagated monotheism
opposed incarnation, mediation, sacrifices, priest
Journals
Sambad Kambudi
and
Mirat-ul-Akbar
by Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Tattava Bodhini Patrika
by Debandranath Tagore
Indian Mirror
by Keshub Chandra Sen
Indian Reform Association 1870
against child marriage, women status
Prarthana Samaj 1867 Bombay
Founder
Atmaram Pangdung
Chief mentor
Govind Ranade
focus
same as that of Brahmo samaj
Satyashodhak Samaj 1873
Jyotiba Pule
emancipation of low caste, widows, and untouchables
Aligarh Movement 1877
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
founder of Aligarh School
Muhammadan Anglo Oriental College 1877
formed a scientific society
Tehzib-al-akhlaq
western education aimed at social reform
Ahmadiya Movement 1889 Punjab
Mirza Gulam khan
Rehnumai Mazdesyan Sabha 1851
SS Bengali
Dadabhai Naoroji
Rast Goftar
Young Bengal Movement 1826
HLV Derozio
Jnanaveshan
Hesperus
The Calcutta Library Gazette
India Gazette
Seva Sadan 1885
Behramji Malabari
Revivalism
opposed reform movements
conceptualization of glorious past
alternative to colonial rule
viable cultural foundation for nation hood
religious symbols for political mobilisation
Tilak Ganpati and Shiva ji festival
Age of COnsent Bill 1891
cow protection movement
Gaurakshini Sabha
Arya Samaj 1875 Bombay
Dayanand Saraswati
DAV
asserted hindu faith within revivalist framework
denounced rites Brahmanical supremacy etc
shuddhi movement led by Arya Samaj and talibagh and Tanzeem led to communal polarisations
alienated muslims and lower castes
Dharma Samaj 1830 Calcutta
Radhakant Deb
to counter Arya Samaj
Wahabi Movement 1820-1870
Syed Ahmad of Rai Bareilly
Deoband School of Islamic Saharanpur 1866
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
liberal interpretation of Islam
supported congress
Theosophical Society 1875
founded in New York
Madam HP Blatsky
Col HS Olcott
Annie Besent one of its president
insipration from
Upnishads, Vedanta
hq moved to Adyar near Madras
Ramakrishna Mission 1897
centres as Belur and Mayawati
Vivekandand and Ramkrishna Paramhansa