The range between what a learner can achieve independently and what a learner can achieve with the guidance and support of a teacher or MKO

Vygotsky views interaction with peers as an effective way of developing skills and strategies.

Vygotsky suggest teachers or MKO use cooperative learning exercises where less competent learners develop with help from more skilful peers - within the ZPD zone.

The middle zone (in this diagram) is where the ZPD is at. this is the zone where MKO comes in to guide learners in a certain topic.