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ELECTROCHEMISTRY (Elecrtrolysis (process whereby an electrolyte is…

- - - - molten electrolysis
      - aqueous solution electrolysis
        
        factors of discharge ion
        
        the concentration of electrolyte
        
        higher concentration of ion will be discharge
        
        anode only
        
        concentrated solution (>1.0 moldm-3)
        
        only for halides ion (F-,Cl-,Br-.I-)
        
        inert conductor
        
        type of electrode
        
        inert electrode (follow other factors)
        
        carbon
        
        platinum
        
        active electride
        
        any metal
        
        atom of anode will release electrons to form positive ion
        
        then, positive ion will discharge at cathode and gain electrons to form neutral atom
        
        not affect the electrolyte
        
        the position of ion in the electrochemical series
        
        for inert conductor only
        
        cathode (nagative terminal)
        
        always
        
        anode (positive terminal)
        
        for dilute solution only (<1.0 moldm-3)
    - - purification of copper
      - aluminium extraction
      - silver electroplating
    - - electrolyte
        
        compound that can conduct electricity in molten state or aqueous solution and undergo chemical changes
        
        acid
        
        alkali
        
        ionic compound
      - conductor
        
        element that can conduct electricity in solid or molten state without any chemical changes.
        
        tin
        
        carbon
        
        copper
        
        silver
      - non-electrolyte
        
        compound that cannot conduct electricity in solid, molten or aqueous solution
        
        covalent compound
        
        molten sulphur
        
        glucose
        
        napthalene
    - - cathode
        
        Y+ + e-→ y
      - Anode
        
        X- → X + e-
- - - - the more electropositive metal will be negative terminal
      - the less electropositvity metal will be positive terminal
    - - the further the distance of two different metal in electrochemical series, the higher the voltage.
    - - anode
        
        M → M+ + e-
      - cathode
        
        M+ + e- → M