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PERIODIC TABLE (HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT (John Newlands - Law of Octaves,…

- - - - melting and boiling point
        
        low
        
        attracted by weak Van Der Waal forces
        
        Increase
        
        Van Der Waal forces attraction
        
        atomic size
        
        energy required to overcome force
      - Density low and
        
        because mass greatly compare to volume
      - atomic size
        
        electron shells
  - - - because already achieve stable duplet or octet electron arrangement
- - - - Lithium, Li
        
        red
      - Sodium, Na
        
        yellow
      - Pottasium
        
        Purple
    - - 2M + H2O → 2MOH + H2
        
        Observation
        
        produce flame
        
        hissing sound produced
        
        change from red litmus paper to blue
        
        move on the surface of water
    - - 2M + Cl2 → 2MCl
        
        observation
        
        burn with coloured flame
        
        white solid produced
    - - 4M +O2 → 2M2O
        
        observation
        
        burns with flame and produce white fume
        
        Then, dissolves in water
        
        M2O + H2O → 2MOH
        
        observation
        
        1 more item...
  - - - lower boiling and melting point
      - softer
      - lower density
    - - atomic size
        
        electron shells
      - Density
        
        mass faster than atomic radius
      - melting and boiling point
        
        atomic size
        
        metal bond force
  - - - Distance between nucleus and outermost occupied electron shell
      - Force attraction between proton in the nucleus and valence electron
      - atomic size
      - so, the electron is easier to release
- - - - melting and boiling point
        
        low
        
        attracted by weak Van Der Waal forces
        
        Increase
        
        Van Der Waal forces attraction
        
        atomic size
        
        energy required to overcome force
      - Density low and
      - state changes from gas to solid
      - colour become become darker
  - - - Distance between nucleus and outermost occupied electron shell
      - Force attraction between proton in the nucleus and valence electron
      - atomic size
      - so, the electron is harder to gain electron
  - - - X2 + H2O → HX + XOH
        
        observation
        
        blue litmus paper turn to red
    - - X2 + 2NaOH → NaX + NaOX + H2O
    - - 2Fe + 3X2 → 2FeX3
        
        observation
        
        burn glow
        
        brown solid formed when cooled
- - - - 1.Proton in nucleus
      - Force attraction between proton in the nucleus and valence electron
      - Atomic radius
    - - Proton in nucleus
        
        Force attraction between proton in the nucleus and valence electron
        
        atomic size
        
        so, the electron is easier to gain electron
  - - - Al
    - - P
      - S
      - Si
      - Cl
    - - Mg
      - Na