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End-Permian Life Change (Marine Fossil Record (Reef-builders…

- - - - Propagating effect through ecosystem
  - - - Biofilms (microbial mats) trap, accrete & cement sediment
      - Bacterial mounds in shallow water
    - - Rare today - too much predation
  - - - Brachiopods never recover same diversity
      - Ammonoids thrived afterward (until crash mid Triassic)
    - - took advantage of chaos after extinction
      - thrived in disequilibrium
      - decreased in diversity as Earth recoverd
- - - - Insufficient organic material
      - For ~ 6 Ma after extinction
      - Lack dense forests
    - - Warmer, drier world
      - More evergreen trees
  - - - trying to establish selves
      - some types went extinct
        i.e. dimitrodon & huge amphibians
      - huge turnover & complexity
- - - - Almost extinct
    - - Bigger than ever
        and more diverse
  - - - related to lophophore feeding ?
      - dependent on plankton
    - - become most diverse shelled invertebrates
      - were present before but marginal
      - more omnivorous feeding helped ?