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Iberian Peninsula Middle Ages (Political developments (End Visigothinc…
Iberian Peninsula Middle Ages
Political developments
Córdoba Caliphate
929-1031
Abdrraman III- caliph
Most glorius period
Taifa Kingdoms
1031-1085
Internal fights
called taifa kingdoms
Indepent Emirate
756-929
Abdrraman Damascus-Al-Andalus
Emir Caliphate
Dependent Emirate
711-156
Control Peninsula But North
Dominions caliphate
Al-Andalus (Córdoba)
Muslims conquered by:
Motivation muslims soldiers
fight by faith
Desintegration Visigothic army
Meassures Jews and Christians
Their religion-pay taxes
Alliance some Visigothic nobles
End Visigothinc Kingdom
More arabs, Tariq army
Advanced Toledo
Conquered 712
+3 years
All cities conquered
Rodrigo died
lots cities conquerdes
Berbers
Iberian Peninsula
Tariq
Battle Guadalte (muslims)
Resistance North
Battle Covadonga (Pelayo)
722
710
Nobles appointed Rodrigo
Some don't like-
Muslims (military aim)
732
Battle Poitiers
North African empires
1085-1212
Almoravids
Almohads
Economy
Agriculture
New crops
New Techniques
Irrigation systems
Wells
Waterwheels
Dykes
Non-irrigation crops
Livestock
Sheep farming
Bee-keeping
HONEY
Pidgeon Breding
Trade
Expoted products-
Craftwork
dive oil
Imported products-
weapons
metals
animal skins
luxury items
Gold
Society
Muslims
Berbers
North Africa
convert
Livestock, farmers and soldiers
Muladies
natives convert
Agriculture
Arabs
dominant group
latifundia
Non-Muslims
Mozarabs
natives not convert
lived separatly
Jews
lived Jewish quartiers with synagoges
Craftmens, traders, doctors.
Slaves
Servants, in mines...
Culture
Arabic
lenguage spoken
many words arabic Romance lenguages
Art and Sciences
Astronomy
Geography
Medicine
History
Philosophil
Maths
Literature
Córdoba
main cultural centre
Kingdom Asturias
Alfonso I
739-757
Galicia
Began Northern Meseta
Alfonso III
866-910
Coimbra and Oporto
died divided 3
Galicia
León
dominant kingdom
reunifying territory
capital Oviedo to León
defend themselves
castles
1035 Kingdom Castilla
Asturias
Kingdom Pamplona
10th century
Loyal Córdova Caliphate
independence
alliances different Kingdoms
824
Kingdom Pamplona
later
Kingdom Navarra
11th century
Sancho III
+Castilla and Aragón
after death divided
Pyrinean Zone
Catalan countries
Barcelona
Country Aragón:
9th century
broke Frankish Kingdom
part Kingdom Navarra
1035 independent
Ramiro I- first king
Hispanian March
Central eastern Pyrinean
Charlemagne
Economy Christian Kingdoms
Agriculture
Crop rotation
Fallow
Subsistance
Low prodution
Only necessary
CEREALS
Livestock
Sheep farming
Trade
Only neightbourd empires
markets
Society Christian Kingdoms
Mostly Christians Jews and Muslims
Nobles
owners of lands
titles by monarch
Peasants
Vassals
belonged to nobles
Live and work their lands
Free peasants
Repopulation
Many Mozarabs
North
scape- religion persecution
Kingdom Leon
inhabited
repopulate
prevent muslim attacks
fueros-city/region
settlers and guarantee their loyalty
to the crown.
control land
Church, nobles military power
lands- free peasants
muslims and jews there
paying taxes