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18th Century Language (Important linguists (Jonathan Swift - believed we…
18th Century Language
Important linguists
Jonathan Swift - believed we needed a standard form. Thought there were too many rules in the EL. He objected to monosyllables, abbreviations, ellisions, combination of constonant sounds, colloquialism
1755 - Samuel Johnson invents first dictionary. Subjective, ommited words, questionable definitions
John Locke - believed standardisation would end disputes in law, education and science
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John Dryden - prescriptive comments - strict rules, hated prepostions at the end, follow Latin
Jean Aitcheson - disagress with prescriptivist - 1) crumbling castle - once a fine language, now decayed 2) damp spoon - bad language sticks to people who are lazy 3) infectious disease - bad english spread
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Labov - study of pronounciation (affected by age, gender, social class) - nothing wrong with this
Caxton- didn't like dialects, wanted to standard form
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The printing press was no longer licensed, this emant it was easier to print - newspapers became more common because of this
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Technology, science and the Industrial Revolution influence language. Social classes also had reputations (e.g. working class had a bad one - 'uncouth', 'vulgar', 'corrupted'
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Descriptivist - open to change and break rules. The idea that language will be constantly changing due to use, social attitudes, inventions, borrowings and coinage