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Foundation of Planning (Strategic management (The strategic weapons…

- - - - rarely verbalized
      - generally take place in many smaller business
      - write everything down
    - - write down these goals and making them available to organization members
      - use these goals to develop specific plans
      - define specific goals covering a specific time period
- - - - Do SWOT analysis
        
        Formulate strategies
        
        Implement strategies
        
        Evaluate results
  - - - Competitive strategy
        
        Functional strategy
- - - - stated goal
        
        strategic goals
        
        financial goals
      - real goal
    - - traditional goals setting
      - management by objectives
        
        explicit time period
        
        participative decision making
        
        performance feedback
        
        goal specify
  - - - time frame
        
        short-term plans
        
        long-term plans
      - breadth
        
        tactical plans
        
        strategic plans
      - specificity
        
        directional plans
        
        specific plans
      - frequency of use
        
        standing plans
        
        single-use plan
    - - contingency factors in planning
        
        degree of environmental uncertainty
        
        commitment concept
        
        organizational level
      - approach to planning
        
        In the traditional approach, planning is done entirely by top-level managers who often are assisted by a formal planning department
        
        how an organization plans can best be understood by looking at who does the planning