Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
:!: PPG 13+14 Beyond the nation state (3) five policy modes of the EU…
:!:
PPG 13+14 Beyond the nation state
1) historical overview development of the EU
Schuman declaration - french and german steel production under one higher authority
1951: Treaty of Paris :
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) included Western Europe except Britain and Spain to create a common market of these goods
(France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, West Germany, Italy)
1957: Treaty of Rome:
same six countries created the
(EEC) European Economic Community,
(Euratom) European Atomic Energy Community
common market for goods, services, travel, work and life
1965: Merger Treaty
Merging of these separate legislative/administrative bodies
Commission of European Communities
1986: Single European Act
improve free trade via the single EU market by 1992
1992: Maastricht Treaty
aka TEU, Treaty of the European Union
initiated the creation of the Euro and integrated the 3 separate communities
Introduction pillar structure
European communities
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
Justice and Home affairs (JHA), later in 1997 PJCCM
1999-2002 the euro was adopted by 11 member states and made public in 2002
2004: EU Constitution: Oct 20 EU leaders signed the EU constitution which replaced and simplified treaties expand power of the EU
2007: Lisbon Treaty
QMV in 45 policy areas in Council of Ministers
EP co-legislature in almost all policy areas
President of European Council
Charter of fundamental rights legally binding
Enhance democratic legitimacy + improve EU coherence
Enlargement phase 1
1973 added UK, Ireland, Denmark
1981 added Greece
1986 added Spain, Portugal
Enlargement phase 2 + Schengen
1995 Sweden, Finland, Austria
Enlargement phase 3
2004 - Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia.
Enlargement phase 4 currently 28 member states
2) closer look at the institutional structure of the EU
3) five policy modes of the EU
community method:
truly supranational - the EU institutions dominate. the EC has a strong role in agenda setting, policy design and implementation and financed collectively to ensure solidarity in a few demains, e.g. agriculture, eurozone
EU regulatory mode:
improving competition in the single market by having EU wide regulation
regulation developed by stakeholders and experts
courts check compliance
may suggest rules on non-economic factors
EU distributional mode:
redistribute resources .e.g Cohesion fund in regional policy
EC in charge of devising programs in collaboration with regional and local authorities
EP can exercise pressure but no formal influence
policy coordination
-Member states compare policy frameworks
-Terrains which might become EU jurisdiction
-EC organizes networks of experts and stakeholders
-CoM organizes high level brainstorms
-Dialogues specialist committees EP
-Example is Open method of Coordination (OMC)
Soft governance aiming to spread best practices and achieve convergence
Pensions, health care, education, …
intensive transgovernmentalism
Intense collaboration member states on terrains beyond EU jurisdiction
European Council used to set agenda
CoM used to consolidate cooperation
EC almost not involved
EP and EU courts excluded
National parliaments limited democratic control
Example: monetary policy
globalisation -- the process by which the links between people, corporations, and governments in different states become integrated through such factors as trade, investment, communication and technology.
varieties of governance
international governance
state state interactions beyond national borders, they tend to cluster into sectors e.g. security, human rights, social affairs, environmental protection, economic regulation
3 reasons for international governance
changes in the scale of the problem
growing economic interdependence
historic developments
different forms
international organisations e.g. treaty, legal and admin
international regimes e.g. treaty, no legal and admin
coalitions or grouping of states
different scopes they hold
Four patterns
Global scope > UN
Regional scope > EU, African Union
Cultural scope > Nordic Council
Functional scope > countries protecting ‘their’ ocean
transnational governance
forms of interaction to cross other than sovereign to sovereign
Networks of domestic government officials
Often regulators, enforcers, technocrats
Some informal, other formalized with own admin staff
Some share best practices and info, others coordinate and harmonise
Example: Basel Committee on Banking Supervision