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Chapter 6: Alexander 2 and the era of the Great reforms, 1855-1870 (The…
Chapter 6: Alexander 2 and the era of the Great reforms, 1855-1870
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Free and Unfree labor
Why?
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Moral
ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity
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The path to reform
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Relaxation of the censoship ended when a journal published the idea that peasants should be freed giving them land they currently worked on.
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April program
temporay obligation: land would, for given term, remain fully the property of the landlords
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The Great Reforms
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implemented through net work of gov. appointed mediators who helped make contracts between landlords and peasants
Great reforms part 2
Manifesto terminated old landlord-serf relationship, in which peasants had to work the landlords land or pay rent
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Emancipation: Key Issues
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Radicals: job half done by leaving all the land to the gentry and keeping peasantry in inferior status
Future leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Rev., Valdimir Lenin, declared 1861 marked the end of the feudal stage of production and the transition into capitalism Russia
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Key issues part 2
Wherever serfs or slaves had been liberated, one question remanined
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implementation
many ambiguities in the reform, primarly land issue and the role of commune, legislative act that had resulted from the collective effort of the monarchy, gentry, and the bureaucracy and from which exit was difficult
creating new society
end of serfdom was corner stone of reform program that eventually changed and reorganized the status of every layer of russian society
institution called zemstvo was created in 1864 as an organ not of central admin. , but as local gov., responsible for local needs
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local gov.
entire network of zemstvo-run schools were created under the jurisdiction of the ministry of national enlightenment, whose function was to teach the kids
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courts and juries
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limited # of trials for the same offense created system of appeals, and instuted a jury system based on a individual estate groups
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life in reform era
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results
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gov. service, business, industry6
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positives and nihilists
positives
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believed it strictly would help science probs, butt also society probs
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first rev. group
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organization
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formed by students who rejected theur studies in atempt to dedicate themselves to the peps liberation.
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