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Resource Management (:droplet: Water demand in the UK :droplet: (Water…
Resource Management
:droplet: Water demand in the UK :droplet:
Water consumption as increased rapidly due to
increased hygiene
,
crop irrigation
,
domestic appliances
, and
industrial use
UK WATER TRANSFER SCHEME
Designed to transfer water from
surplus
areas to
deficit
areas
Increased environmental impact. Increase CO2 production. Local displacement.
Kielder Water
Pros
: 6MW electricity generated from dam. 20bn litres of water stored. Jobs created. Deficit areas benefit.
Cons
: Families displaced. Not much water supplied to deficit regions. Diverted rivers lose habitats. Limited replanting.
Water pollution
Causes
: Fertilizers/pesticides, wastewater, runoff from vehicles, wasted dumped into rivers, petrol tanks, sewage, pollution from ships
Impacts
: Poisoning of wildlife, poisoned water, algal blooms, infection from sewage, lack of clean water for industry.
Solutions
: Anti-pollution legislation, public education, wastewater treatment, better sewage systems, green roofs to reduce runoff.
Global insecurity of resources
:hamburger:
Food
:hamburger:
Causes
: poor conditions, lack of money for imports, population strain
:droplet:
Water
:droplet:
Causes
: Poor piping systems due to lack of money, lack of available groundwater
:zap:
Energy
:zap:
Causes
: Lacking energy infrastructure, lack of money to exploit resources, lack of resources, conflicts.
:zap:Global energy demand :zap:
Impacts of energy insecurity
Environmental
: Dams displace wildlife, destruction of habitat, pollution of ecosystems (e.g. oil drilling)
Economic
: Reduction of supply -> Rise in costs -> food production becomes costlier -> rise in food costs -> more imports -> loss of jobs
Human
: Regular power cuts, energy costs rise, increased travel cost, job cuts.
Conflict
results between stakeholders (e.g. consumers, domestic/imports, nations (over ground resources) ). Examples include
Ukraine/Russia
,
Iraq War
,
Falklands
Causes of Energy Insecurity
Human
Energy costs of exploitation/production- demand increases with decreasing cost of exploitation
Political tensions
Countries relying on imports could be cut off
Physical
Availability of resources
Energy security requires harnessing abundant resources inside the country
Climate
Insufficient wind/rain/sun
Terrain
Resource is abundant, but inaccessible/hard to obtain (e.g Alaskan oil fields)
Resolving energy insecurity
New power sources
Nuclear
Reliable, efficient, no reliance on geology/climate (can be built anywhere)
Costly to build/decommission. Meltdown risk. Weaponisation risk
Geothermal
Not dependent on climate, no emissions, cheap to run
Requires geothermal heat close to surface (only found in volcanic hotspots). Requires expensive, new technology.
Energy sustainability
Home
: Cavity wall insulation, double/triple glazing, passive homes
Cycle-to-work schemes, reduced car use
:flag-se:
CASE STUDY:
MALMO
:flag-se:
Waste incineration for :zap: and biogas fuel for buses. Waste CO2 stored underground. Smart meters for energy use. Adjust energy use with apps.
:flag-np:
CASE STUDY:
Micro-hydro plants in NEPAL
:flag-np:
No flooding. Easy to repair with community's involvement. Cheaper than HEP dams. New power to homes. Job creation. Less deforestation
Unsustainable for cities and densely populated areas. Only limited amount of energy produced
:hamburger:Food demand in the UK :hamburger:
Food imports
Effects in LICs
Job creation, improved standard of living, tax revenue for services
Increased local food price. Extensive irrigation. Exposure to hazardous chemicals
Benefits
Cheaper than growing food at high cost in UK
Disadvantages
Air travel produces lots of emissions. Reduces local food demand- leading to job cuts.
Methods of farming
:flag-gb:Local farming :flag-gb:
:tractor:Agribusiness:tractor:
:sunflower:Organic Farming:sunflower:
Uses
natural predators
, not pesticides,
mechanical
instead of chemical weeding,
crop rotation
, and
no hormones/antibiotics
More expensive than agribusiness/other farming since food is produced more slowly with a smaller yield
Importing alternatives
Promoting British products. Eating local food. Home growing of food. Consumer education on import impacts
Limiting imports to things unable to grow in UK. Eating seasonal food. Promoting local food.
:bulb: Energy demand in the UK :bulb:
Non-renewable resources
Coal
-
Greenhouse gases produced leads to extreme weather, impacting people's quality of life. Expensive to mine and import. It is finite (predicted to run out in 2088).
Job creation. Currently cheaper than other fossil fuels/uses no expensive, new technology.
Fracking
Creates energy security in a country where other resources are in low availability. Job creation.
Earthquake hazards. Pollution of groundwater could lead to health issues.
Renewable resources
Nuclear
Lots of energy produced for little fuel. Efficient + constant ( no reliance on resources/climate)
Risk of nuclear accidents. Waste is dangerous and difficult to store. Expensive to build and decomission
Wind
Infinite & renewable. Cheaper than other sources to build
Requires constant high winds- which are only found in some areas.