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Historical Background of Indian Constitution (The Crown Rule (Government…
Historical Background of Indian Constitution
The Company Rule
Regulating Act of 1773
control and regulate EIC
recognition of political and administrative functions
foundation of central administration
Features
Governor-General of Bengal
Warren Hastings
Supreme Court at Calcutta 1774
Pitt's India Act of 1784
Double Government
commercial function
Court of Directors
Political function
Board of Control
company's territories as
British possessions
British Government given supreme control
Charter Act of 1833
EIC made purely a political body
Governor General of India
Lord William Bentick
Charter Act of 1853
separated legislative and executive function
Indian Legislative Council
open competition system civil services
Macaulay Committee (1854)
The Crown Rule
Government of India Act of 1858
no substantial change in system of government
Viceroy of India
Lord Canning
ended double government
office of Secretary of State
assisted by Council of India
15 members
advisory
Indian Councils Act
1861
some Indians as non official members of Legislative Cuncil
decentralisation of power to Bombay Madras
est of new legislative councils for Bengal, NWFP, Punjab
introduced
portfolio system
Viceroy to issue ordinances during an emergency
6 months
1892
more non-offical members @ province and central
official majority maintained
1909
Morley Minto Reforms
increased size of legislative councils
official majority
retained @ central
not retained @ province
Indian in executive council of Viceroy and Governor
Satyendra Prasad Sinha
law member in Viceroy's exec council
introduced separate electorate
Minto =Father of Communal Electorate
Government of India Act of 1919
separated central and provincial subjects
dyarchy @ province level
transferred subject
responsible to legislative council
reserved subject
no responsible to legislative council
bicameral @ central
3/6 except commander in chief to be Indian in Viceroy's council
est of Central Public Service Commsission in 1926
Simon Commision 1927
report on India under new constitutuion
abolition of dyarchy
est of federation
continuation of communal electorate
Government of India Act of 1935
federation of provinces and princely states
came never in existence
abolished dyarchy
provincial autonomy
resposible government @ province
adopted dyarchy @ central
bicameral @ provinces 6/11 provinces
est of RBI and Federal Court