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Balance of Ecosystems (Population (Every ecosystem has a carrying capacity…
Balance of Ecosystems
Population
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When the carrying capacity is exceeded, the population will decline from factors such as lack of sufficient food or water
The relationship between the population of predators and prey (see review guide for extensive explanation)
There are both abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) factors that affect the population/the ecosystem in general
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Food Webs/Pyramids
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The three main types of food pyramids are 1. a pyramid of numbers, 2. a pyramid of biomass, and 3. a pyramid of energy
Nutrient Cycles
The water cycle
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Water in the atmosphere condenses into clouds, the cycle begins again
The carbon cycle
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis (also it enters the atmosphere again through cellular respiration)
Animals eat plants and respire, giving off CO2
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Fossil fuel formation goes to the carbon sink, then cars and factories give off carbon dioxide through combusion
The nitrogen cycle
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Plants die, animals eat the nitrogen and die
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Fungi, bacteria, and worms decompose dead organisms and waste
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Symbiotic Relationships
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Commensalism (one organism benefits, the other organism is unaffected)
Parasitism (one organism benefits, the other is harmed)