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gaining the co-operation of the localities 1485-1603 (changing roles of…
gaining the co-operation of the localities
1485-1603
crown and country
patronage inc
:red_flag: need of the monarch to counter growing power of parliament (#6a63d5)
:pencil2: patronage = the development of a network of personal relationships by favour of/ proximity to the monarch
monarch controlled nobility
controlled borough elections
a nobleman's power was measured by the extent of the patronage he himself could offer
eg Robert Dudley 1584 ensured the election of his own (& Liz's) candidates in Poole, Tamworth and Denbigh
crowns ability to adjust borough borders allowed influence over patronage & borough rep
eg. Sir Christopher Hatton, Liz's trused courtier, elected as MP for Higham Ferrers 1571
royal progresses
involving the localities in governance
relations with localities
:star:
1537 re-establishment of the Council of the North
:star:
1535 Law in Wales
:star:
1542 Law in Wales
pre-1530s
increasing borough representation in the commons
growth bc it benefitted townspeople, gentry and monarch
allowed extension of royal patronage
#
pressure from towns
more democratic practice
eg. York prevented woodland being chopped down within 25km of the city
provided political opportunity for ambitious gentry
:red_flag: expense of MPs' travel to London more easily covered by already wealthy gentry
:red_flag: most MP's not actually local townsmen but gentry (despite 15th cent law saying MPs must live in their represented region)
1559 23% townsmen -> 14% 1601
undemocratic
:pencil2: borough= town with the right to send 2 MPs to sit in parliament (not a shire)
:pencil2: rotten borough= borough created in middle ages which has since decreased in size (so as not to rly deserve it)
296 members of House of Commons -> 462 by end of Liz's reign
mostly reps of boroughs
important bc House of Lords decreasing in size bc no abbots summoned
impact of increasing literacy in yeomen classes
more humanists (#22ac01)
:red_flag: humanism spread by printed propaganda
more grammar schools
#
increased role of yeomen in government
illiteracy 1550 i80% men, 98% women -> 72% men, 92% women 1600
regional variation (North more illiterate, even in gentry)
changing roles of Justices of the peace
:star:
1513 tax subsidy
:star:
1563 Statue of Artificers
all unmarried under 30s compelled to accept any employment
12- 60 year olds required to work land (conditionally)
everyone involved in food protection
annual assessment of wages by JPs
vulnerable to unreasonable cuts / corruption
attempts to fix wages not adaptive to changing social/economic crises
fixed hours of work and penalty for absence
work not always available
compulsory apprenticeships for skilled work
protected status of skilled craftsmen
JPs supervise collection of poor relief donations
didn't have to be local to be a regional JP
#
not enough to overcome poor harvests and plague
:star:
1598 Act for the Relief of the Poor
4 'Overseers of the Poor' per parish
increased power of JPs
allowed them to raise compulsory payments and better enforce systems put in place by the Statute of Artificers
one of a cluster of acts including the Vagabonds Act and the Act for the Relief of Soldiers and Mariners
empowered parishes to build more hospitals and houses of correction
houses of correction were essentially the prison-like work houses of the victorian era
no longer centralised
:pencil2: justice of the peace = chief local officer resposible for maintenance of public order & execution legilslation
formed under Henry VII
1601 Poor Law
1495 justices of the peace able to arrest suspects and replace corrupt jurors
reduce corruption
local involvement in "policework"
1572 Act for the Relief of the Poor
first compulsory poor law tax
JPs as tax collectors
each parish responsible for the care of its own sick and poor
distinction between 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor
1598 Act for the Punishment of Rogues, Vagabonds and Sturdy Vagabonds
#
population and inflation
1525 2.26 million to 1551 3.01 million to 1603 4.1 million
increased poverty due to rising grain prices
1519-1521, 1549-1551, 1586-1587