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Epilepsy (About (75% of epilepsies start in childhood, Characterized by…
Epilepsy
About
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Characterized by episodic high-frequency discharges by a group of neurons. Starts locally then spreads to other areas (in generalized seizures)
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Generalized seizures
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Myoclonic - short episodes of muscle contraction, often result of permanent neurological damage
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Status epilepticus - multiple seizures within a few hours, requires emergency medical treatment
S.E. causes cognitive impairment in adults, severe seizures cause intellectual decline in children
EEG
Less useful for normal small number of neurons firing, useful for simultaneous firing during seizures
Cannot predict seizures, so family history often used in diagnosis
Electrodes on frontal, temporal, occipital (both sides) and central and parietal regions
Animal Models
Electrical stimulation (Kindling model) -repeated low intensity stimulation useful for partial seizure info
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Convulsant drugs (Kainic acid) - hippocampus targeted partial and tonic-clonic seizures after 2-4 week latent period.
Partial Seizures
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Complex partial - hallucinations, mental distortion, motor dysfunction, unconsciousness