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Feline Infectious Peritonitis (Cause and how it relates to the other…
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Cause and how it relates to the other retroviruses?
FCoV
Not all cats with FCoV get FIP
Depends on..
Virus strain
Dose of Virus (How many cats in group)
Immune status of cat
Route of infection (Found when exp. that IP injection was worse.)
Common in young kittens rather than adult cats & where kept in groups
Enveloped RNA virus, Rapidly evolving
2 BioTypes
FIPV
Feline Infectious peritonitis virus
FECoV
Feline enteric coronavirus
High mutation rates - THEY MAKE MISTAKES
Recognise clinical signs of coronavirus in the cat, and FIP
Subclinical = Mild Enteritis
Wet FIP
FATAL
Fluid accumulates in body cavities
Depression, inappetance, lethargy, weight loss, Abdo. Distension, Jaundice, Dyspnoea, Muffled heart sounds.
Fluctuating fever
Dry FIP
FATAL
Fluctuating, unresponsive fever
Anorexia, lethargy, depression.
Signs that an organ is involved - Abdo, Eyes, CNS
Jaundice, ataxia, behav, changes
Diagnostic plan for cats with clinical signs persistent with FIP
Diagnosis is HARD!
Main way = Histopathology
Pre-Mortem?
Clinical signs
Examination of FLUIDS - Use Dx Imaging to identify any fluid
Clinical pathology
FCoV serology - Immunofluoresence or ELISA test
Haematology
FIP fluid
Neutrophilia
Lymphopaenia
Mild Anemia (non-regenerative)
Hyperproteinaemia
Albumin:Globulin ratio decreases
Pathogenesis of FIP
FIPV
Mild D+ in one cat of a colony caused by FECoV
Transmission of the disease to other cats - Intestinal shedding
In SOME individuals, the FECoV mutates to FIPV = FATAL
FCoV
FECoV shedding cat transmits via oronasal infection
Affects Tonsils, URT, Intestinal epithelium
Sporadic mutation of FCoV to FIP.
Prognosis depends on efficiency of CMI
GOOD = recover
Partial = Dry FIP
Poor = Wet FIP (Fatal)
In experiments, pre exhisting ABs have lead to accelerated disease.
This has put people off vaccine development
= ANTIBODY DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT
An immune complex disease
Deposit in walls of small blood vessels
Leads to vasculitis
AB bind to virus, enhanced uptake of macrophages by virus
Cats with NO antiviral Abs do not get FIP
Develop a basic strategy to control FIP in colonies of cats