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Chemistry (Atoms, Bonding and Moles (Structure Of The atom (Proton…
Chemistry
Atoms, Bonding and Mole
s
Separating Mixtures
Filtration
This is a technique used to separate substances that are insoluble in a particular solvent from those that are soluble in the solvents E.G. Sand in salt water
crystallisation
Used to obtain samples of pure salt from the solution following filtration, you do this by evaporating it from the solution.
distillation
This is another technique often used at the same time as crystallization. Distillation is used to collect the solvent itself after being evaporated. E.G the water in Sand and salt Water
Chromatography
Used to separate and identify substances from mixtures. Because different substances contain different masses and so separate when left in water on chromatography paper
Fractional Distillation
Used to Collect liquids from other liquids for example ethanol from crude oil
History Of The Atom
John Dalton
First came up with evidence of Atoms saying that they were the fundamental building blocks of nature, un-split-able and had many variants.
J.J.Thomson
Discoverer of the electron and the plum-pudding model
Geiger and Marsden
They discovered the nucleus of the atom by firing alpha particles into a thin sheet of gold foil and recording how the alpha particles were refracted
Neils Bohr
He discovered that atoms actually have energy shells of electrons orbiting the nucleus
James chadwick
first scientist to conduct experiments to find out if neutrons existed in the nucleus
Structure Of The atom
Proton
mass=1
charge=+1
electron
mass=negliagible
charge=-1
Neutron
mass=1
charge=nuetral
Atomic number
Number of Protons in the nucleus
atomic Mass
mass of the nucleus and its components
Neutron number = atomic mass - atomic number
Ions, Atoms and Isotopes
Ion
lon is an atom which contains a charge positive or negative through any means, though it is normally through reacting with another atom through ionic bonding.
isotopes
These are atoms that have different variations of neutrons giving them extra mass but maintaining their atomic number.
Size of Atoms
Scientists have estimated that there are roughly 7 billion, billion, billion atoms in a normal human body that's a 7 followed by 27 zeros or 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000