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Perception (Visual Illusions (During Flight Phases (Approach/Landing…

- - - - The higher you are off the ground the slower we perceive ourselves travelling
        
        Illusion due to relative movement and height over the ground
    - - Somotagravic illusion
        
        Sloping terrain
        
        Banking Cloud
    - - Surface Lights or fishing boats
    - - AC flying towards you think will pass below
        
        Mountains in distance look smaller
        
        TCAS
    - - Subconciously used visual cues
        
        UPSLOPE or runway UPHILL
        
        Narrow
        
        Bright lights
        
        Rain on windscreen
        
        Too High/Steep
        
        Action = Pitch down
        
        Result = Low/Shallow app. or Undershoot
        
        Down slope or DOWNHILL Runway
        
        Wide
        
        Dim Lights
        
        Haze
        
        Too low/Shallow
        
        Action = Pitch Up
        
        Result = high/steep app. and overshoot
        
        possible early flare and hard landing
      - Kraft Illusion / Black Hole Effect
        
        No viz ref apart from runway lights
        
        BRight lights situation exaggerated i.e. illusion too high/steep
  - - - Illusion Too high
- - - - The info is coming in from our 5 senses then is going up through our brain to be perceived
    - - The information coming through the Bottom up processing is compared with our past knowledge and experience.
- - - - States that object that form a continuous form are perceived as being part of the same group
    - - We will fill in the gaps if we recognise it
    - - Objects that are closer together are seen as part of the same group
    - - Objects similar in appearance are perceived as being part of the same group
    - - Any symmetrical object are deemed as being part of the same group irrespective of the distance between them i.e. one half is here and the other symmetrical half is elsehwhere
- - - - We perceive the size of an object be the same despite the size of the object as an image on our retina changing
    - - We perceive the shape of an object be the same despite the shape of the object as an image on our retina changing
    - - We perceive the colour and brightness of an object be the same despite the colour and brightness of the object as an image on our retina changing
- - - - We get 70% of our info from visual
    - - Proprioceptive illusion
      - Also include our vestibular