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Mixed Dysarthrias (Etiologies (Toxic-Metabolic (<1%), Neoplastic (<…

- - - - 僵硬的假笑 (pseudo smile)
    - - 患者多於10-15歲有→神經系統的病變
    - - hypokinetic-ataxic-spastic
        
        臉部有肌張力異常
    - - 個性改變、情緒失調
    - - 第13對染色體之攜銅蛋白缺䧟↓
        體內銅代謝的功能異常
        
        肝病變（如肝硬化）及
        
        神經系統的病變（如視丘及
        基底核受損，尤其是造成殼核的萎縮及空洞化）
    - - patients undergoing penicillamine (青黴胺) & low copper diet management of their WD
  - - - ‧Quadriplegia 四肢麻痺
        ‧spasticity 肌肉痙攣
        ‧pseudobulbar palsy 假延髓性麻痺
        ‧tremor 顫抖
        ‧dystonia 肌張力異常
        ‧chorea 舞蹈症
        ‧athetoid 手足徐動症
        ‧abnormal gait 異常步態
        ‧cogwheel rigidity 齒輪狀僵硬
    - - Spastic + ataxic + Hyperkinetic dysarthrias
- - - - spastic / ataxic dysarthria / mixed (ataxic + spastic)