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Process Design (Detailed design (Is there access to energy, How can…

- - - - Quality
      - Speed
      - Cost
    - - Inputs
      - Outputs
  - - - Manufacturing (5 methods)
      - Services (3 methods)
- - - - Large volumes
      - Same standard
      - Automation
      - Less staff required
    - - Lower volumes
      - More staff involved
      - Focus on quality
  - - - Less choice
      - Fixed itinery
      - Lower cost
    - - More choice
      - Undefined itinery
      - Higher cost
  - - - Same output volume
      - Same labour levels
      - Same tasks to produce
    - - Seasonal factors
        
        Weather
        
        Events
      - Operation manages by
        
        Buffering volumes ahead of peak
        
        Process has volume flexibility
  - - - Lower cost
      - Greater control
      - Examples
        
        Building a car
        
        Making medical equipment
    - - Higher cost
      - Less control
      - Examples
        
        Healthcare
        
        Buying a car
- - - - One off or unique output
      - Examples
        
        Software development
        
        Shipbuilding
        
        A film or a book
      - Resources will be engaged on project for long periods
      - Project managers challenges
        
        Complex
        
        Multi-disciplinary teams
        
        Long timescale
        
        Lots of autonomy afforded
    - - Similar to project processes
      - Low volumes of output
      - May have customer tailoring
      - Operational managers challenges
        
        Resources high skilled
        
        Scheduling challenges to match skills to complex work
        
        Resource will switch from one output to another quickly
        
        Good problem-solving skills needed
    - - Most common (60% of manufacturing is batch)
      - Batches limited by quantity
        
        A batch could be 2 or a 1,000
      - Equipment configuration
        
        Changed between batches
        
        Clothing line would reconfigure for different size or colour
      - Best for
        
        Medium levels of volume
        
        Medium levels of variety
      - Operational managers challenges
        
        High utilization could queue work
        
        Higher work-in-progress
        
        Increased need for working capital
        
        Scheduling can be complex
    - - Best for
        
        Very large quantities
        
        A small range of variety
      - Equipment configuration
        
        Dedicated to one product type
      - Heavily automated
      - Operational managers challenges
        
        Must always be on
        
        Maintenance and limiting breakdowns
        
        Quality control to ensure output standard
      - Mass customization
        
        Organisations offering customers limited choice
        
        Examples
        
        Dell customized PCs
        
        Swatch watches
        
        Car manufacturers
        
        Products made to order
    - - High volume / continuous output
      - Operates 24 hours a day
      - Operational managers challenges
        
        Maintain input material supply
        
        Logistics to clear outputs to market
        
        Continual monitoring
  - - - Low volumes of output with high variety
      - Requires significant time spent with customer
      - Examples
        
        Lawyers
        
        Architects
        
        Auditors
    - - Can handle variation
      - Examples
        
        Supermarket
        
        Cinema
    - - High volumes / Low latency
      - Examples
        
        Airport security
        
        Contact centres
    - - Build a Bear