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Artificial Intelligence (Cognitive Skills(Human-like Capacities) Required…

- - - - to design machines that do at least part of what human do in a variety of areas
        
        problem solving
        
        language learning
        
        motor activities
- - - - The intellectual roots of AI, and the concept of intelligent machines, may be found in Greek mythology
      - Invention of human-like artifacts
    - - Frankenstein
        
        Original story, published by Mary Shelley, in 1818, describes the attempt of a true scientist, Victor Frankenstein to create life
    - - 1956-John McCarthy coined the term "AI"as the topic of the Dartmouth Conference devoted to the subject
- - - - Smell
      - Intuition
      - Speech recognition
      - Inferencing
      - Learning new skills
      - Decisions making
      - Abstract thinking
  - - - How is it possible that our small, tiny brain can perform the tasks that it performs ?
        
        Tasks that are larger and complicated
      - How can we create an intelligent entities which can perform the tasks which our brain performs?
        
        Artificial Intelligent entity
- - - - In the realm of Cognitive Science
        
        Cognitive scientist try to reconstruct theories of how the human mind works
      - Not about getting right answer but how it gets the answer
      - Need to get inside the actual workings of human minds
        
        Introspection
        
        Psychological experiments
      - Once we have a sufficiently precise theories of the mind, it becomes possible to express the theory as a computer program
      - System that think humanly = Intelligent machine
    - - Function by the rules
        
        Law of thought - logic
        
        If the rules are followed, does not make mistakes
      - System that think rationally = Intelligent machines
      - How intelligent is deep blue
      - Machines are not supposed to play this way
      - But humans do not always base their thinking on correct premises or follow steps in logical reasoning
        
        Interruptions
        
        Distractions
        
        Emotions
      - When computers play chess or for that matter when they do anything, they do not reason. They do not think. They simply calculate
  - - - To do what human do regardless of whether it is done the same way as humans
      - Should pass the Turing test- distinguishing intelligent entities from unintelligent ones
        
        Turing test is a test to see whether a computer/machines acts/thinks like human
      - Issue of acting like a human comes up primarily when AI programs have to interact with people. These program must behave according to certain normal conventions of human interaction in order to make themselves understood
      - System that can act like human do = Intelligent Machine
    - - An agent is just something that perceives and acts
      - A rational agent can be anything that makes decisions, typically a person, firm, machine or software
      - Acting rationally means acting so as to achieve one's goals, given one's beliefs