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Student Assessment (Either Formative or Summative ((Pros: 1) opportunity…
Student Assessment
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Of Learning
Summative Assessments = Used at the end of a unit or chunk of learning to evaluate how well students have met pre-set objectives (eg. Elementary/Intermediate language students being given written test at the conclusion of each chapter/unit)
High-Stakes Assessments = State or district testing (eg. NONE !!--language is not considered a core subject :) )
Cons: 1) Teaching and learning resources dependent upon high-stakes student performance 2) Student perception of educational process as a single,score-based objective (rather than a self-beneficial, ongoing, process)
Pros: 1) Standardization of broader educational goals based on age and level 2) Realistic makeup of high-stakes situations students will face later in life in various settings
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Pros: Evaluation needed for grades and to know whether students are ready to move forward in the class
For Learning
Cons: 1) Students feeling as though they are constantly being "tested" 2) significant amounts of teaching time used for evaluations
Pros: 1) Constant connection between teacher/material and students to monitor most necessary target areas for class work 2) Opportunity for students to voice specific concerns about the learning process in a given lesson or unit 3) Useful tool to help teachers plan and focus lesson content
Formative Assessments = Used during the progress of a unit 1) to evaluate what achievements and what problems students have during their progress toward pre-set goals and 2) what steps need to be taken to remedy problems in students' understanding before summative assessment takes place (eg. Elementary/Intermediate language students submitting each day a list of new words that they have committed to memory and list of words in source language whose translation they have yet to master in the target language)
Diagnostic = Evaluations used at the beginning of lesson or unit to assess students' prior knowledge (eg. Elementary/Intermediate language students being instructed in more advanced level of target language to perform a task)
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Pros: 1) Effective way for teacher to evaluate specific areas of needed concentration within unit or lesson 2) accurate forecast of learning task for students
Portfolio = Concrete demonstration of growth over time (can be examined both during the lesson/unit and at the conclusion thereof)--(eg. Elementary/Intermediate language students creating a year-long scrapbook or photo album illustrating real-life examples of images, text and dialogue that they have learned to identify, perform, or read in target language)
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Pros: 1) Opportunity for students to concretely show steps of learning process 2) Students may keep a record of their own process to look back upon to increase understanding of current goal or of future goals 3) Opportunity for teacher to evaluate achievement of learning goals and of learning process through concrete evidence 4) Students' opportunity for the exercise and demonstration of different/individual learning styles