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Student Assessments (Summative assessment (Portfolio (Definition: "A…
Student Assessments
Summative assessment
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Advantages: 1.Summative shows to what degree the student has learned from the lesson. 2. Evaluates the effectiveness of educational programs.
Disadvantages:1. It's not always the most accurate reflection of learning. 2. If the summative is a big test, anxiety may cause the student to not perform well not showing the whole picture of what the student actually knows.
Assessment OF Learning: A summative assessment assesses as a whole to find out students achievement at the end of the unit.
Example: ESL kindergarten students must be able to match all the sounds to the letter at the end of the unit.
Portfolio
Definition: "A portfolio is a collection of work, accumulated over a period of time" (2014).
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Advantages: It's a progressive assessment. It shows what the student has achieved in the beginning, middle, and end. 2. Every portfolio is unique to the individual student.
Disadvantages Grading can be difficult if there is no rubric. Also, timing may be an issue. Teachers need extra time to grade and students need time to put the portfolio together.
Assessment OF Learning: The portfolio shows what the student has learned throughout the year such as a summative assessment.
Example of Assessment: Since my students are unable to put a portfolio on their own, we can, as a class, make a portfolio together. Students can get their own folders, and when we are done with each unit, the students can put their summative project into the portfolio.
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Diagnostic
Definition: A form of pre-assessment that allows a teacher to determine students' individual strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills prior to instruction.
Advantages: 1. Benefits instructor and student. It allows the teacher to know what the student knows so the teacher can create lessons focused on what they don't know. It can also show that some students need additional instruction on a unit or course. Also, it can show that students have already mastered a unit or topic so the teacher can create activities that can go beyond the curriculum. Finally, it provides a baseline for future assessing. The teacher will be able to see how much the students have improved over the school year and can provide remediation and enrichment when needed.
Disadvantages: 1. Can be time consuming to make the tests. 2. "May hinder curriculum change if it means that exam would have to be revised" (Brummit, 2017). 3.The test can make incorrect inferences about the student.
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Example of Assessment: Baseline assessments for kindergarten ESL students. When trying to find out whether students know phonics sounds, the teacher can pull a student aside and show them the different alphabet letters to see if they know the letter and sound. The teacher can keep the assessment and assess the students in the middle and end of the year to see their improvement.
Purpose: It is primarily used to diagnose student difficulties and to guide lesson and curriculum planning.
High-stakes 
Definition: High-stakes is a test that makes one decision on whether the student can move onto the next part of the program.
Purpose: High-stake tests are usually used to "ensure that students are enrolled in effective schools and being taught by effective teachers" (Munoz, 2014).
Advantages: High-stakes results are available to the public so it can show how well or poorly the child's school is performing. This can give parents an idea of where to send their child. High-stakes testing can help teachers create a learning plan that can help students in areas they need help in.
Disadvantages: Teachers can feel like they need to "teach to test" so teachers lose creativity and innovation in the classroom.
Learning OF Learning: High-stake tests show what the students have learned before they go onto the next grade or level.
Example: In our school, Kindergarten ESL students must take a test that determines if they get into the CAP or CEP program. The CAP program teaches students science and math in English while in the CEP program they are taught just English, while in Science and Math they are taught in Vietnamese. Most parents want their students to go into the CAP program.
Formative
Purpose:The purpose is for teachers to know if the students are grasping the content that is being taught. Teachers can find out if they need to improve their instruction or if students need more focused instruction on a certain topic before they go onto the next lesson.
Advantages: 1.Monitors students' progress. 2. Improves student learning. 3. Teachers are able to change their instruction throughout the unit to cater to the students' needs.
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Disadvantages:1. Formative assessments can be time consuming so teachers may not always want to perform them. 2. Students may not take them seriously because they are usually not done in a formal setting such as a summative assessment.
Assessment FOR Learning:The formative assessment is there to support students' learning while they are learning.
Example of Assessment: At the end of class, after the students have learned the main body parts from an activity, I can show students flashcards of the main body parts. Students can raise their hands and receive an exit ticket when they've answered correctly.
Authentic
Definition:"Authentic assessment aims to evaluate students' abilities in 'real-world' context. In other words, students learn how to apply their skills to authentic tasks and projects" (teachervision).
Purpose:It's purpose is to integrate what the students have learned using higher-order thinking skills which some tests may not be able to test.
Advantages: Authentic testing teaches skills other than just memorizing information. Students use collaborative learning and practice higher-order thinking skills.
Disadvantages:It may be hard to assess students if a rubric is not available for students to follow.
Assessment FOR Learning: The authentic assessment is usually used over time such as in portfolios, week-long science experiments, self-assessments, and so forth.
Example of Assessment: After learning about healthy vs. unhealthy foods, kindergarten students can make a picture showing 5 foods that are healthy and 5 foods that are unhealthy
Performance-Based
Definition: "Performance-based assessment measures students' ability to apply the skills and knowledge learned from a unit or units of study" (Hilliard, 2015). Performance-based assessments can also be projects that are similar to a profession such as an engineer, mathematician, zookeeper, and so forth.
Purpose: "The purpose of a performance based assessment is to challenge students to use their higher-order thinking skills to create a product or complete a process (Chun, 2010).
Advantages: 1. Allows students to be involved and in charge or their learning. Performance assessments also provide teachers with information about what students have learned, not just how well they can learn.
Disadvantages:Since performance-based assessments don't have a clear right or wrong answer, it's hard to decide what is an average performance or excellent performance.
Assessment FOR Learning: Performance-based assessments show what the students have learned from the test, portfolio, etc. It shows what the student has learned as a whole.
Example of Assessment: For ESL kindergarten students, for an animal unit, the students can act like zookeepers. They can categorize the animals into their appropriate habitats such as the ocean, forest, jungle, or desert.
Self-assessment
Advantages:1.Encourages student involvement and responsibility. 2. Encourages students to reflect on their role and contribution to the process of the group work. 3. Focuses on the development of student's judgement skills.
Example of Assessment: For kindergarten ESL students, after they have completed a project, they can be asked questions of whether or not they met the criteria of what was expected. For a science project, students can draw a healthy body and an unhealthy body. After they have drawn the bodies, according to the criteria, I will ask them one-on-one of whether or not they met the criteria.
Purpose: Self-assessment encourages the student to reflect on what they have created and become an active learner in their learning.
Disadvantages: Self-evaluation has a risk of being perceived as a process of presenting inflated grades and being unreliable. Some students may also be ill equipped to undertake the assessment.
Definition: "The student evaluates their work as well as their peers using an established set of criteria."
Assessment OF Learning:The assessment is usually done after a project or big assignment is completed.
Peer-assessment
Advantages: 1. Encourages student involvement and responsibility. 2. Focuses on the development of student's judgmental skills. 3. Students are involved in the process and are encouraged to take part ownership of this process.
Disadvantages: 1. Friendships can influence the grades. 2.Students will have the tendency to award everyone the same mark. Students may be reluctant to make judgments regarding their peers.
Purpose: Peer assessment encourages deeper understanding and makes the assesser become an active learner.
Assessment OF learning: The assessment is usually done after a project or big assignment is completed.
Definition: "Students individually assess each other's contribution using a predetermined list of criteria."
Example of Assessment: For ESL kindergarten students, for healthy vs. unhealthy food unit, students can be teamed up to grade their peers work. I would first give the criteria of excellent work and the criteria that should be met. I would work with the partners together to help them decide the grade of that project.