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ch.4 Realms (Portugal in America (sugarcane (sugarcane became Brazils…

- - - - the laws of 1542 prohibited enslavemwnt of the indians for the future
      - with the laws of 1542 they essentially also prohibited encomiendas as new encomiendas were not allowed and old ones had to be returned to the crown
      - mostly arranged with the local
      - was highly unpopular and let to an insurrection in Peru -> the council of the indies compromised on the new system. Over the next 300 years, the crown would take back encomiendas when possible
    - - ncomienda (Spanish pronunciation: [eŋkoˈmjenda]) was a labor system in Spain and the Spanish Empire. It rewarded conquerors with the labor of particular groups of subject people. It was first established in Spain during the Roman period, but used also following the Christian reconquest of Muslim territory. It was applied on a much larger scale during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. Conquered peoples were considered vassals of the Spanish monarch. The Crown awarded an encomienda as a grant to a particular individual. In the conquest era of the sixteenth century, the grants were considered to be a monopoly on the labor of particular groups of Indians, held in perpetuity by the grant holder, called the encomendero, and his descendants.[1]
  - - - The Repartimiento (Spanish pronunciation: [repartiˈmjento]) (Spanish, "distribution, partition, or division") was a colonial forced labor system imposed upon the indigenous population of Spanish America and the Philippines. In concept it was similar to other tribute-labor systems, such as the mita of the Inca Empire or the corvée of Ancien Régime France: the natives were forced to do low-paid or unpaid labor for a certain number of weeks or months each year on Spanish-owned farms, mines, workshops (obrajes), and public projects. With the New Laws of 1542, the repartimiento was instated to substitute the encomienda system that had come to be seen as abusive and promoting unethical behavior.
      - The repartimiento was not slavery, in that the worker is not owned outright—being free in various respects other than in the dispensation of his or her labor—and the work was intermittent. It however, created slavery-like conditions in certain areas, most notoriously in silver mines of 16th century Peru.
- - - - the central european lands went to Ferdinand, brother of Carlos
      - Carlos's son, Felipe II, inherited the Spanish monarchy, including Milan and Naples. In 1580 Felipe also seized the Portuguese monarchy and for four decades, Felipe II was the most powerful monarch in Europe