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Unit 6 (Learning (Cognitive Learning- Learn new behaviors by observing…
Unit 6
Learning
Cognitive Learning- Learn new behaviors by observing events and watching others; through language we learn things we have neither experienced nor observed
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Latent Learning- Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
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Learned Helplessness- The hopeless and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
mirror neurons- neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so
Operant Conditioning
Def: learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished by a punisher
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shaping- procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
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Classical Conditioning
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Stimulus/Response
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Unconditioned Response- An unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus- A stimulus that unconditionally (naturally and automatically) triggers a response (UR)
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Conditioned Stimulus- An originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with a US, comes to trigger a UR
The Self
Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation - desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
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Coping
Problem-focused coping -Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with the stressor
Emotion-focused coping- Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring the stressor and attending to emotional needs related to ones stress reaction
Control and Fate
External Locus of Control- the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine fate
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