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Unit 6 (Module 27 (Operant Conditioning- Type of learning in which…
Unit 6
Module 27
Operant Conditioning- Type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminshed if followed by a punisher
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Law of Effect- Thornedikes principle that behavior followed by favorable consequences become more likely , and that behaviors followed by unfair consequences become less likely
Operant Chamber (skinners box)- in operant conditioning research, chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer
Shaping- procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of desired behavior
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Positive Reinforcement- Increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers; is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response
Negative Reinforcement- increasing behavior by stopping or reducing negative stimuli; negative reinforcer is any stimuli that , when removed after a response , strengthens the response
Primary Reinforcers- Innately reinforcing stimulus , one that satisfies a biological need
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Fixed Ratio Schedule- a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of times
Variable Ratio Schedule- Reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
Fixed Interval Schedules- Reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after a specific time has elapsed
Variable Interval Schedule- Reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
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Module 26
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cognitive learning; the acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language
Classical conditioning: a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
behaviorism: the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
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UR: unlearned response, naturally reoccurring response
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high ordering conditioning: a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus is one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second weaker CS
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Discrimination: the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and a stimuli that don't signal an US
Module 30
Observational learning is learning by observing others, aka social learning
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Mirror neurons: monkey see monkey do, frontal lobe
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Module 28
Operant Conditioning can be applied in many ways, such as in school, sports,work and even at home to teach valuable lessons. Shaping is a great way to educate, although sometimes superstition occurs when behaviors are randomly reinforced.
Respondent Behavior: automatic responses to stimulus, present in Classical Conditioning
Operant Behavior: behavior that operates actively and voluntarily in Operant Conditioning
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