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Mediterranean Civilizations (Rome (Empire (Jerusalem = provincial city…
Mediterranean Civilizations
Phoenicians
Phoneme
Phoenician Alphabet
Ships, seafaring group
Trade connected Greece and North Africa, brought prosperity
Rome
Republic
Patricians, plebians, Senate
Senate declared Octavian (Julius Caesar's nephew) Augustus ("revered one") Caesar, moving away from the republic and establishing the Roman Empire
Law of the Twelve Tables
Empire
Jerusalem = provincial city under Roman rule
Emperor Claudius was regarded as a god
Diocletian split the empire
New civil service of officials called equites, who helped run the Roman Empire
Jesus and the Crucifixion created a large global religion
Culture
Riots were a part of life in Rome to get messages across to rulers
Advanced sewage systems
Arena games
Created the aqueducts
Use of slavery
Polytheistic, believed in multiple gods like Greece, just with different names
Pax Romana ("Roman Peace") lasted until the late 2nd century C.E.
Patron-client relationships
Surrounded by fertile land
Greece
Athens
Direct Democracy
Culture
Antigone, Iliad, The Oddessy
City-states unite to defeat Persia in the Persian war
Hellenistic Synthesis blended cultures together
Did not take their gods very seriously
Sparta
Helots (slaves)
Totalitarian, oligarchy, military
Maintained equality in all areas of life
Minoan civilization controlled most of the area
Replaced by Mycenae
Created the word "philosophy", meaning "love of wisdom"
City-states called poleis were separate and independent of every other that existed
Overseas trade
Peloponnesian War = Sparta vs. Athens (who to dominate Greece)
Polytheistic, believed in multiple gods and goddesses
Secularism
Economy
Soil was poor, planted barley, grapevines and olive trees
Farm-soldiers called hoplites
Persians
Cyrus the Great
Zoroastrianism, religious tolerance
Royal Road system (1,600 miles)
Start of major trade network
Darius I created the largest extent of borders and law code
Strong military, used regional leaders called satraps to help with rule
Satraps mimicked courts of the Persian king, and positions tended to be hereditary
Conquered by Alexander the Great
Broke Persia up into smaller regions
Center of Silk Road trade
Persian Wars significant to the decline of Persian power
"theatre state" = art of awing subjects into remaining loyal to the ruling family